62 



as are used indoors. The school may remain four weeks in a locality and is then 

 moved to another centre. This Portable School is cumbersome to move, and takes 

 up a great amount of the time of the instructor. 



The writer was surprised to learn that there were thirty-three instructors in 

 poultry. When one considers the size of the country, it is evident that everybody 

 sJiould know how to care for poultry. 



Denmark has established in different parts of the country breeding plants or 

 centres where special attention is given to the trap-nesting of stock and to the 

 selection and mating of the breeding stock for egg production. From these centres 

 eggs for hatching and breeding stock are sold to the surrounding farmers at re- 

 duced rates. In most cases but a single variety of fowl is maintained at one of 

 these centres, but in some instances ducks, geese, and sometimes turkeys are kept 

 in conjunction with the fowl. In some stations a system of exchange of breeding 

 stock, principally males, between the different centres is followed. For this reason 

 there is seldom any need for introducing blood from outside sources, the system 

 of breeding approaching nearer to line breeding, and, in many cases, in-breeding. 



Denmark has a splendid system of co-operative marketing of eggs. Here a 

 central organization is supreme, and the sub-societies located throughout the 

 country are ruled and regulated by it. The regulations made by the federation 

 are very stringent, and heavy fines are imposed when they are disregarded or broken. 

 These are: 



(1) That a member must only deliver to the local society eggs laid by his own 

 hens. 



(2) He must undertake to collect from the nests every day, and in the breed- 

 ing season or when the weather is hot, twice a day, and keep them under suitable 

 conditions so long as they remain in his possession. 



(3) 'Must have clean nests, so that the shells shall not be stained or tainted. 



(4) They must be protected against rain, sunshine, and frost. 



(5) All eggs produced must be delivered to the local society, except those 

 required for hatching and household purposes. 



Upon the last named point the very greatest stress is laid, and any member 

 infringing that rule would be fined for the first offence, and be expelled from the 

 society if the practice was continued. 



In the organization of co-operative egg and poultry societies abroad the by- 

 laws of organization and for governing the working of the societies are very few 

 and simple. 



In Ireland co-operative work is conducted on the conditions which prevail 

 with the National Poultry Organization Society, which has its headquarters in 

 England. These conditions or by-laws state that: — 



(a) Eggs shall be received from each member at least three times a week. 



(b) Eggs shall be tested for freshness and quality. 



(c) Only such eggs as can be guaranteed as new-laid, are branded, are clean, 

 and that weigh two ounces will be taken. 



(d) Eggs shall be forwarded so as to reach the shops when not more than 

 three days old. 



Co-operative work in Scotland and England is conducted under much the 

 same rules and regulations as those given for Ireland. 



