71 



using a pail to hold the dip. By brushing the dip into the hair the job can be done 

 thoroughly. 



When lice have been in a building for some time, it will be necessary to treat 

 the building in practically the same way as recommended for disinfection, the 

 disinfectants being also good insecticides. 



In treating for lice, one application of insecticide is seldom suflBcient, because 

 there will be many eggs to hatch out to give a new brood. A second treatment, 

 about a week after the first, should always be given, and a third treatment would 

 not be out of place. 



PART VIII. 



COMMON DISEASES OF SWINE 



Hog Choleea^ (Swine Fever). 



This highly infectious disease is due to a germ, and causes a loss of many 

 millions of dollars annually in the United States. In Canada it is not so 

 prevalent, thanks, mainly, to the very vigorous measures adopted for its eradi- 

 cation. In spite, however, of all efforts, it continues to inflict considerable loss 

 upon Canadian swine growers. It causes an inflammation and ulceration of the 

 stomach and intestines, enlargement and inflammation of the lymphatic glands, 

 and various other disturbances. The most characteristic lesions of the disease are 

 inflamed areas on the lining membrane of the intestines and stomach, which even- 

 tually change into raised ulcers, circular in outline. 



Symptoms. — The hog usually goes off by itself and lies in a cool place. 

 The back is arched, the hind parts appear stiff, causing the hog to stagger and 

 cross the hind legs as it walks. There is a watery secretion from the eyelids, 

 which later becomes thicker in character, causing the lids to adhere. Owing to 

 increased secretions from the skin, dirt adheres to it, giving the animal a dirty 

 appearance. Alternate diarrhoea and constipation is common, and the diarrhoea! 

 discharge is thin and watery, and some times mixed with blood. 



Acute cases usually terminate in death in from two days to two weeks, but 

 sometimes death occurs before the symptoms become well marked. 



In the subacute or mild form, the symptoms may escape notice, but there is 

 usually a slight fever, with loss of appetite, constipation, and diarrhoea. The pig 

 generally recovers in a few days. 



The disease is said to be chronic when it lasts for a considerable time, possibly 

 several weeks or even two or three months. Often the pig becomes a complete 

 wreck, and death at last occurs. 



Treatment. — When a hog once contracts the disease, little can be done in 

 the way of treatment. Preventive measures are the only effective means for 

 fighting this disease. In Canada, treatment for hog cholera is not allowed, it 

 being compulsory to slaughter affected herds. Full .particulars regarding this law 

 may be obtained by writing the Veterinary Director-General, Department of Agri- 

 culture, Ottawa, Ontario. 



Swine Plague. 



Swine plague is sometimes mistaken for hog cholera, and often accompanies 

 the latter disease. It is an infectious disease caused by a germ, and the symptoms 



