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sometimes be caused by over-feeding. Piggeries built with stone or concrete walls 

 and floors are generally more dangerous than those built of wood. When such 

 walls are hollow and the floors insulated with a tar layer, they are mach safer. 



The hog becomes very lame and stiff and moves about with difficulty. Some- 

 times the joints become swollen and very painful, and the animal becomes practi- 

 cally helpless. In such cases it is seldom that the hog makes a recovery. 



The feeder must be on his guard against this disease. Dry, well-ventilated 

 pens and careful feeding will generally enable him to avoid disaster. Animals 

 which become affected should be kept in dry, warm quarters. Dr. Craig ("Diseases 

 of Swine ") says : " Salicylate of soda is the most useful drug to give in this 

 disease. The dose is twenty or thirty grains in the feed, or as a drench, three times 

 a day. Larger doses, and at more frequent intervals, may be given in acute cases 

 for a short time. Quinine and bitter tonics can also be given. Blistering oint- 

 ments and liniments should be applied to the inflamed articulations." 



ElCKETS. 



In this disease, which is commonly found among young pigs, there is enlarge- 

 ment, bending, and distortion of the bones of the joints and limbs, and fractures 

 of leg bones are not uncommon. The bones do not contain their normal proportion 

 of mineral matter, and hence lack strength. It is claimed that the disease is most 

 common among closely in-bred hogs. The excessive feeding of corn throughout 

 generations of swine is believed to be an exciting cause, or any conditions which 

 interfere with proper nutrition, such as disease or unsanitary surroundings, may 

 predispose towards the disease in question. 



Dr. Alexander of Wisconsin says : " Pigs affected with rickets can seldom be 

 profitably treated. Prevention is to be sought by avoiding the causes mentioned, 

 maintaining sanitary conditions about the hogs, providing adequate supplies of 

 various feeds, rich in all the requisites of a perfectly nourished animal, and obviat- 

 ing degeneracy by careful selection of robust sows and timely infusion of new blood." 



Plenty of mineral matter should be provided at all times during the life of 

 the pig. Methods and forms of supplying mineral matter have already been given 

 in this bulletin. 



Paralysis. 



In Virginia Bulletin 189, Dr. Mayo writes : " The disease first appears as a 

 slight loss of control of the hind legs, as shown by a weaving of the body, knuckling 

 of the fetlocks, and finally a paralysis more or less complete. The animal is unable 

 to raise itself on its hind legs, and often drags the hind quarters as it moves about. 

 The disease occurs in swine of all ages. This disease is popularly supposed to be 

 caused by "kidney worm," but there is no evidence to support this belief. The 

 disease seems to be located in the spinal cord at the lumbar region, but the actual 

 cause is unknown at present. 



" Some cases recover without treatment, but a majority of the cases prove 

 fatal. Generally the treatment is to give a purgative of from one-half to two 

 ounces of castor oil, depending upon the size of the animal, followed by nourishing, 

 easily digested feed. Rubbing the back vigorously with a good veterinary liniment 

 once daily is also beneficial." 



Mange. 



Mange is caused by very small animal parasites called mange mites, whicli 

 burrow in the outer laver of the skin. 



