77 



The disease is most troublesome in young pigs, causing great irritation, 

 indicated by the little pigs scratching and rubbing themselves. Later, the hair 

 stands erect, and thick scabs form at the roots of the hair on the neck and shoulder 

 top and about the ears and face. Often the scabs extend along the back to the root 



of the tail. 



Dr. Mayo, of the Virginia Experiment Station, strongly recommends the lime 

 and sulphur dip, which is made as follows: Take 8 pounds of fresh lime and 

 slake with enough water to form a thick paste. Sift into this paste 24: pounds of 

 flowers of sulphur and mix thoroughly with a hoe. Place in a kettle with 35 or 30 

 gallons of water and boil for at least one hour, then add enough water to make 100 

 gallons of idip. The dip should be used warm, about 100 or 110 degrees 



Fahrenheit, . 



The coal-tar dips, such as chloro naphtholeum, zenoleum, and others of this 

 class, give good results, and are more convenient Avhen a small number of animals 



are to be treated. . -in 



It is very important that the animals be kept wet with the solution until all 

 the scabs are thoroughly soaked through, and it is a good plan to scrub ofE with a 

 stiff brush to remove as much as possible of the scabs. Two thorough treatments, 

 ten days apart, are necessary. 



Pens should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Sows should be treated 

 as well as the young pigs, though the disease may not show to any great extent in 

 the olcler pigs. The disease is transmitted by contact, and the young pigs almost 

 invariably become infected through coming in contact with a diseased mother. 



Intestinal Worms. 



Common Round Worm.— The most common intestinal worm affecting 

 swine is the round worm, which is found mainly in the small intestine. If a 

 post-mortem examination is made some time after death, the worms may be found 

 in the stomach, having made their way there after the death of the animal. The 

 worms vary from six to seven inches in length, and taper somewhat towards the 

 extremities. In color they are usually a yellowish white. The eggs of the female 

 pass out with the excrement and become scattered over the premises. Eventually, 

 some of them are taken up by other hogs along with their food. 



They do not seem to cause the hog any inconvenience unless they are present 

 in large numbers, when they may cause digestive troubles, and the writer has 

 known death to result. There can be little doubt, however, that a pig affected with 

 worms cannot make the best use of its feed,- even though it may appear quite 

 thrifty. 



Thorn-headed Worm. — This parasite is much less common than the 

 round worm. It is usually found attached to the wall of the intestines by its 

 hooked proboscis, from v/hich it derives the name " thorn-headed." In length it 

 is similar to the round worm, but its surface is somewhat wrinkled, and the 

 posterior extremity is blunt. Though only a few are usually found in an animal, 

 they do much more damage than the round worm, irritating the lining of^ the in- 

 testine, and sometimes causing severe inflammation. It would be difficult to 

 distinguish the symptoms from other intestinal derangement's, but a post-mortem 

 examination would readily reveal the presence of the worm. 



Pin-Worm.— The pin-worm is very small and might be easily overlooked 

 in a careless post-mortem. It is usually found near the beginning of the large 



