60 



ample. It does not attain its full size until the second year, and if designed for 

 bay should be cut before liowiring, for when fully luature the stems become 

 woody and are too hard to make good fodder. The seed, which matures in .July 

 and August, is easily gathered. Good seed should have 95 

 per cent purity and 60 per cent g<'rmination. It may be prop- 

 agated by seed or by cuttings of the rootstocks, these being 

 laid down at intervals of 1 foot, and slightly covered. The 

 retail price of seed quoted in the'New York market is $35 per 

 100 ])i)Uiids. A variety with white-striped leaves, called Rib- 

 bon-grass, is cultivated in gardens for ornament. 



No. 191. Phalaris canariensis Linu. Canary-grass. (Fig. 72.) 

 An erect annual, 1 to 3 feet high, with flat leaA'es, and dense, ovoid 

 ]ianicles or heads about an inch long. This grass is appar- 

 ently a native of the warmer countries of Europe, al.so of 

 north Africa and western Asia. It has become widely dis- 

 tributed throughout the warmer temperate and tropical re- 

 gions of the world, including Australia. Cultivated in Ger- 

 many and southern Euro])e. It has been introduced into this 

 country, and is occasionally cultivated for its seeds, which 

 are used for bird food. The flour from the seeds is utilized in 

 certain processes of cotton manufacture 

 (weaver's glue), and is even employed 

 in tlio making of some kinds of cake. It 

 is frefjuently met with iu waste grounds 

 Fio. 72.— Canary- about dwellings in the vicinitv of 



gr.-is.s (I'halaris ^^^^^ 



canariensis). 



No. 192. Phalaris caroliniaua Walt. 

 Southern Canary-grass; Apache Timothy. 



This and Phalaris (itif/iisia (Fig. 73) have usually been regarded 

 as one species, the latter as avarietj- with more elongated 

 heads and rather stouter growth. Both the species and 

 variety are perennials, ranging from South Carolina to 

 Florida and westward to Texas. Arizona, California, and 

 northwaidon thel'acilic slope to Oregon. I'halariifanyusta. 

 a stout grass. 2 to 5 ie<t high, is sometimes called Apache 

 Timothy, owing to the resemblance of its lieads to those 

 of timoth}'. In California it is not esteemed as of any 

 agricultural value, but in the Southern States it has 

 been cultivated to a limited extent, and is spoken of by 

 Ronui a being an excellent grass for winter anil spring 

 grazing, as it remains green ihrougliout the winter 

 season. 



No. 193. Phleum alpinum Linu. .Mountain Timothy. 



This grass is a native of the niountain regions from Maine to 

 California and northward; also in northern I'.urope and 

 Asia. It is closely related to cultivated timothy. The 

 stems are usually stouter, more leafy, but not so tall, uudi-r 

 most favorable conditions attaining a height of 2 feet, but 

 rarily exceeding a foot. 



Via. 73. -Apache Tim- 

 othy {I'lialaris an- 

 gusta). 



No. 194. Phleum pratense Linn, rimothy. (Fig. 74.) 



This is one of the best known and most extensively cultivated hay grasses. It is a 

 native of Kuroj)e (where, it is known as cat's-tail), north Africa, and northern 

 and middle Asia, and has become thoroughly naturalized in North America. It 



