60 



amplf. It does not attain its full size until the second year, and if designed for 

 hay should be cut before flowering, for when fully mature the stems become 

 woody and are too hard to make good fodder. The seed, which matures in July 

 and August, is easily gathered. Good seed should have 95 

 per cent purity and 60 per cent gi-rmination. It may be prop- 

 agated by seed or by cuttings of the rootstocks, these being 

 laid down at intervals of 1 foot, and slightly covered. The 

 retail price of seed quoted in the New York market is ,$35 per 

 100 ))ouiid8. A variety with white-striped leaves, called Rib- 

 l)on-grass, is cultivated in gardens for ornament. 



No. 191. Phalaris canariensis Linn. Canary-grass. (Fig. 72.) 

 An erect annual, 1 to 3 feet high, with flat leaves, and dense, ovoid 

 jianicles or heads about an inch long. This grass is aj)))ar- 

 eutly a native of the wanner countries of Europe, also of 

 north Africa and western Asia. It has become widely dis- 

 tributed throughout the warmer temperate and tropicaL re- 

 gions of the world, including Australia. Cultivated in Ger- 

 many and southern Europe. It has been introduced into this 

 country, and is occasionally cultivated for its seeds, which 

 are used for bird food. The flour from the seeds is utilized in 

 certain processes of cotton manufacture 

 (weaver's glue), and is even employed 

 in the making of some kinds of cake. It 

 is frequently met with in waste grounds 

 Fig. 72.— Canary- about dwellings in the vicinity of 



grass U-halaris toy^riii. 



canariensis) . 



No. 192. Phalaris caroliniana Walt. 

 Southern Canary-grass ; Apache Timothy. 



This and J'halaris (imjusta (Fig. 73) have usually been regarded 

 as one species, the latter as a variety with more elongated 

 heads and rather stouter growth. Both the species and 

 variety are perennials, ranging from South Carolina to 

 Florida and westward to Texas, Arizona, California, and 

 northward on the Pacirtc slope to Oregon. I'halaris angusta. 

 a stout grass, 2 to 5 feet high, is sometimes called Apache 

 Timothy, owing to the resemblance of its heads to those 

 of timothy. In California it is not esteemed as of any 

 agricultural value, but in the Southern States it has 

 been cultivated to a limited extent, and is spoken of by 

 some a being aTi excellent grass for winter and spring 

 grazing, as it remains green throughout the winter 

 season. 



No. 193. Phleum alpinum Linn. Mountain Timothy. 



This grass is a native of the mountain regions from Maine to 



California and northward; also in northern Europe and 



Asia. It is closely related to cnlti\ ateil timothy. The 



stems are usually stouter, more leafy, but not so tall, under 



most favorable conditions attaining a height of 2 feet, but no. 73.— Apache Tim- 



rarely exceeding a foot. othy {Phalaris an- 



gvsta). 

 No. 194. Phleum pratense Linn. Timothy. (Fig. 74.) 



This is one of the best known and most extensivoly cultivated hay grasses. It is a 

 nativ<5 of Euroi)e (where it is known as cat's-tail), north Africa, and northern 

 and middle Asia, and has become thoroughly naturalized in North America. It 



