15 



growths and both are permanent, although neither is of much value 

 during winter or spring. No grazing phint has been found which will 

 make a satisfactory winter and spring growth on the dry, hard, clay 

 hills of this region, and such localities can be depended upon for 

 summer and fall grazing only. 



On the seepy hillsides and on the lower lands the grazing season may 

 be greatly extended and good permanent pastures are not hard to mako 

 by the use of the same plants which have been recommended for the 

 alluvial soils. Bur-clover does well on these soils, and in many places 

 wild vetches are abundant, beginning their growth in the early winter 

 and making good grazing by February or March. 



On moist lime soils, especially where partially shaded, Kentucky blue 

 grass does well, but it is of no value on the light colored or on the red 

 clay soils. Where the soil is somewhat sandy, old fields are often made 

 into pastures by mowing carpet-grass and scattering the hay over the 

 knolls and hilltops in the fall, and following this with lespedeza seed 

 in the spring. It costs but little to seed a pasture in this way, and it 

 is often the best plan to follow. The ground is sure to be covered with 

 a good growth of crab- grass the first year, and by the second year the 

 carpet-grass and lespedeza will be scattered over the entire field. In 

 the "cane-hill" region of northern Louisiana and southern Mississippi 

 this is the more common method of making pastures. On many farms 

 temporary pastures with annual plants in rotatioji with cultivated crops 

 are more economical and satisfactory than are permanent pasture fields. 



Farther eastward, on the clay uplands of Alabama and Georgia, good 

 permanent pastures are still more difficult to secure. When the sparse 

 natural growth of wire-grass and broom-sedges has disappeared, better 

 grasses fail to take their places, and the land produces only a scant 

 growth of poverty weed with a little thin fescue in early spring, with 

 fall panic and similar grasses later in the season. The bottom lands 

 of this section, however, make fine grazing lands and are capable of 

 producing a great variety of plants, both true grasses and legumes. 

 Bermuda gives the bulk of the grazing, but redtop, Canadian blue 

 grass, lespedeza, bur-clover, and the vetches all do well. In some 

 places Texas blue grass flourishes and makes a heavy yield for winter 

 grazing. 



Farther south, on the immediate Gulf coast and in the greater part 

 of Florida where the growing season is practically continuous, Bermuda 

 is largely replaced by carpet-grass, while fewer perennials and more 

 annuals are used to add to the yield and variety. Crab-grass and Mexi- 

 can clover are everywhere in cultivated fields from which the crops 

 were removed by midsummer, and on many of the native pastures beg- 

 gar-weed is the predominant growth. In the larger part of this region 

 only a very small proportion of the land is in cultivation, so that cattle 

 have such an abundant range in the woods that the need of permanent 

 pastures has scarcely been felt as yet, and but little attention has been 



