PLATE IV. 



Fig. 1. — An orange forty-three daya after pollen was applied to the stigma. 



Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5. — Flowers of a Melitensis navel orange, showing different stages 

 in their development. 



Fig. 2. — Fully open flower, showing abortive anthers characteristic of seedless 

 varieties. Two petals were removed for convenience in photographing. 



Fig. 3. — Flower five days younger than No. 2, and the kind used in experiments 

 10 to 15, inclusive. The stigma at this age bears a large drop of stigmatic fluid. 



Fig. 4-- — Flower nine days younger than No. 2, and the kind used in experiments 

 1 to 9, inclusive. 



Fig. -5. — Flower same age as No. 4, showing appearance after emasculation. The 

 stigmas at this early age show stigmatic fluid. 



Fig. 6. — A fully opened pistillate begonia flower, showing receptive pistil. 



Fig. 7. — A pistillate begonia flower slightly younger than No. 6 and showing the 

 calyx lobes tightly closed, perhaps to protect the young pistil from premature 

 pollination. 



Fig. 8. — A fully opened tomato blossom of the Lorillard variety, showing receptive 

 stigma extending a short distance beyond the surrounding stamens, which are about 

 to open and shed their pollen. 



Fig. 9. — A blossom of Lorillard three days younger than No. 8, showing the stigma 

 already exposed. 



Fig. 10.— A blossom of Lorillard that would have been fully open like No. 8 in 

 about six days. This shows the kind of buds selected in all the tomato experiments 

 to determine the effects of premature pollination. 



Fig. 11. — A bud similar to No. 10, which has been decapitated to permit of a pre- 

 mature pollination of the pistil. 



Fig. 12. — A blossom bud similar to No. 10, which has had its stamens entirely 

 removed. 



Figs. 13, 14, and 15. — Cotton flowers, showing method of emasculation. The flowers 

 were gathered one day before they would normally have opened. Flower 14 has 

 had the upper portion of corolla cut away ready for emasculation. Flower 15 shows 

 emasculation completed. 



Fig. 16. — A cluster of Wilmot Hamburg grapes, showing difference in size between 

 normal and seedless berries. 



48 



o 



