18 



killing agent. Dr. James Fletcher gives the following formula :* 



Kerosene (coal oil) 2 gallons. 



Rain water 1 " 



Soap £ pound. 



"Boil the soap in water till all is dissolved; then, while boiling hot, 

 turn it into the kerosene, and churn the mixture constantly and forcibly 

 with a syringe or force pump for five minutes, when it will be of a smooth, 

 creamy nature. If the emulsion is perfect, it will adhere to the surface of 

 glass without oiliness. As it cools, it thickens into a jelly-like mass. 

 This gives the stock emulsion, which must be diluted with nine times 

 its measure of warm water before using on vegetation. The above 

 quantity of 3 gallons of emulsion will make 30 gallons of wash." 



Recently the K-L (Kerosene=Lime) Emulsion has been more or less 

 strongly recommended for destroying San Jose Scale. It is a mixture 

 of kerosene, hydrated lime, and water, the lime acting as a carrier or 

 emulsifier of the kerosene. Prof. C. P. Close gives the following direc- 

 tions for its preparation :+ "Pour the kerosene and lime into a barrel 

 and stir together well with a paddle. Add ten or twenty gallons of water 

 and stir to loosen the kerosene and lime from the bottom and sides of 

 the barrel. Pour in water until the barrels is more than three-fourths 

 full, and with a hoe or dasher, churn, splash and pound the K-L four or 

 five minutes to emulsify it, then fill up the barrel with water, and spray. 

 A long up and down stroke of a hoe or dasher is best, and if the hoe is 

 held just right the blade goes straight down instead of glancing to the 

 side of the barrel. A terrific splashing can and must be made in this 

 way. A burlap bag or canvas should be thrown over the barrel to pre- 

 vent the emulsion from splashing out. A board cover is better than bur- 

 lap or canvas and is easily made by nailing strips at the ends of thin 

 boards three feet long and boring a two-inch hole in the centre. Through 

 this hole the hoe handle projects and the churning is more easily done 

 than when a bag is used. 



"Very small lots of two or three gallons can be emulsified by pump- 

 ing the K-L back into itself through a nozzle throwing a small solid 

 stream, but this method is not recommended for larger quantities. In 

 fact, the fruit grower is hereby warned not to attempt to make lots larger 

 than two or three gallons by pumping, nor lots of any size by stirring, 

 but always to make K-L by the most violent churning, pounding and 

 splashing with a hoe or dasher. 



"The prepared hydrates of lime on the market, or good stone lime 

 dry slaked, are best for making K-L. Air-slaked lime is not desirable, 

 but may be used. If the lime is fresh four pounds per gallon of kerosene 

 will be ample, but if old, more may be required. Use enough lime to 

 take up all the kerosene and mix into a thin, sloppy mass. If drops of 

 kerosene gather on the top in less than a minute sprinkle on more limo 



* Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Bull. 52, 1905. 

 t Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station, Bull. 73. 



