19 



high point on the original stump with the result that as the old stump 

 decayed the new coppice growth was left weakened at the point of con- 

 tact. 



Number of Sprouts on Stump. As may be seen in Fig. 8, a great 

 many sprouts may develop from one stump. It will be found that in a 

 few years a few of these will outgrow the others. Not more than three 

 of these sprouts should be left for a final crop. After the first year a 

 large proportion of the poorer sprouts could be cut out, care being taken 

 not to injure the others. In another year or two the rest of the poorer 

 sprouts should be taken out, leaving two or three of the strongest. Those 

 to remain should be chosen with regard to their location on the stump, 

 having thought as to what their future development will be. 



Frequency of Application. As was pointed out, coppice loses its 

 vigor of reproducing after a few cuttings. When two or three genera- 

 tions of trees of coppice origin have been taken off it is advisable to en- 

 deavor to obtain new growth of seeding origin. Nuts may be dibbled in 

 where favorable spots can be found, or planting may be resorted to if 

 desired. In any case the area should be gradually restocked with trees 

 of seedling origin. 



FOREST TREE PLANTING. 

 Introduction. 



The planting of forest trees for wood crop production and for soil 

 protection has been carried on for many years in older countries, as 

 Switzerland, France and Germany. The price of lumber and fuel and the 

 necessity of providing for the future have caused many in Ontario to 

 think of the question of reforesting denuded lands. 



Tree planting naturally brings our thoughts to roadside, park or 

 orchard planting, which are familiar to the native of Ontario. With the 

 labor and cost of such planting we are liable to think of the task of re- 

 foresting as beyond our powers. 



In the older portions of Ontario, where dangers from fire are very 

 small, forest tree planting is possible and practicable. The planting of 

 absolute agricultural soil is not advised, but there is in many agricultural 

 sections of the Province considerable waste land in the form of steep 

 hillsides, sandy or rocky soils, which could, with profit, be covered with 

 trees. The following pages will deal with tree planting in relation to the 

 farm and small land owner. 



Choice of Species. 



In forest planting we are limited to certain species of trees owing to 

 various factors. Some of these factors are : (i) hardness and rate of 

 growth, (2) nature of soil to be planted, (3) kind of wood crop desired, 

 (4) availability and cost of planting material. 



