9.9, 



From the "height of land" to the north, may be found: White 

 Spruce, Black Spruce, Tamarack, Balsam Fir, Paper Birch, Black Ash, 

 Jack Pine, Aspen, Balm of Gilead, and Arborvitae. 



From the "height of land" south to a line running from Goderich 

 to the north shore of Lake Ontario : White Pine, Red Pine, White Elm, 

 Yellow Birch, Sugar Maple, Hemlock, Basswood, Beech, White Ash, 

 White Oak, Ironwood, Red Cedar, Butternut, B tternut, Red Oak, 

 Black Cherry, Rock Elm, Swamp White Oak, Black Willow, Red Maple, 

 Box Elder, Silver Maple (Nordmann's Fir, Larch, Scotch Pine, Mugho 

 Pine, Norway Spruce). 



From the Goderich and Lake Ontario line to the south : Black 

 Walnut, Shagbark Hickory, Chestnut, Pin Oak, Chestnut Oak, Chin- 

 quapin Oak, Sycamore, Tulip-tree, Black Gum, Papaw, Serviceberry, 

 Hackberry, Flowering Dogwood, Blue Dogwood, Coffeetree, Sassafras, 

 Black Locust. 



(i) Hardiness and Rate of Growth. 



A species might be hardy and still its rate of growth and develop- 

 ment be so slow as to preclude its use in practical planting. To illustrate 

 this the Black Walnut is found throughout an area extending from the 

 southern part of Ontario to the Gulf States and from the New England 

 States to Kansas and Nebraska. Within this area the Black Walnut 

 probably has its fastest rate of growth and development in the central 

 region, as Indiana and Tennessee. In southern Ontario its growth and 

 development is such that its use in replanting should be very limited. 

 The fancy prices paid for Black Walnut have been for trees from 200 to 

 400 years old. The White Pine is distributed over an area extending 

 from Manitoba to Newfoundland and from the height of land in northern 

 Ontario to Tennessee and Georgia. The region of its best development 

 is in the Lake States and Provinces. There is probably no better species 

 for planting work in Ontario. Ontario is near the centre of its range and 

 in this Province it may be found thriving in all classes of soil from wet 

 heavy locations to light sandy ridges. 



Of our two common Oaks, the White and Red, it might be thought 

 that the White would be the better to use in planting work, as it demands 

 a better price in the market. However, it is probable that Red Oak will 

 give the best returns for the following reasons : White Oak is a com- 

 paratively slow growing tree in Ontario, whereas Red Oak makes a good 

 growth even in waste types of soil. In replanting we must consider 

 species which will give best returns on waste land and not put too much 

 faith on those which have brought fancy prices in the past. Frequently 

 these high priced species grew on soil which to-day cannot be used for 

 forest crops. 



(2) Nature of the Soil. 



The nature of the soil must influence the choice of species. No 

 arbitrary division can be made, as the choice can only be decided with 

 relation to local characteristics of the situation to be planted. However, 



