31 



of running- furrows of this nature on a hillside, the plowing should 

 commence on the highest point, so that rolling turf will not interfere with 

 operations. Never run a furrow with the slope or "up and down" the 

 hill, as washing might occur. 



If it is desired to plant in rough conditions where the running of 

 furrows is impractical, other methods may be followed. Where there 

 exists a dense turf in stony soils the mattock or grub hoe (Fig. 20) may 

 be of great service. The sod can be cut off with the grub hoe or mattock 

 and the soil loosened with a pick, or in case of using the mattock by 

 using the pick like part of the mattock. In very rough planting one 

 man can handle the mattock and prepare the planting spot, another pre- 

 pare the planting hole with the spade, and a third do the planting. 



* mi 1 | 



W^'3M 



Fig. 20— a. Grub hoe. h. Planting mattock. c c. Sod cut away for planting hole. 



However, no definite rules can be laid down, and the arrangement must 

 be settled for the individual case. In some lands it might take two 

 men with mattocks to prepare ground for one planter. In all rough 

 planting of this nature it is advisable to follow as definite lines as pos- 

 sible so that future inspection may be possible as well as insuring a 

 proper stocking of the area. 



Good soil will usually send up a dense growth of weeds that would 

 in many cases choke out young plants. Such soil where possible should 

 be fallowed before planting and cultivation carried on for at least two 

 years after planting, which would give the young trees a splendid start. 



In some cases soil which produces rank weed growth will be located 

 so that it will be impossible to cultivate. In such locations it will be 

 necessary to go through the plantation, once or twice during the sum- 

 mer, with a scythe and free any plants which are being overtopped by 

 weeds. Only the most reliable workmen can be depended upon to do 

 this, as careless workmen will invariably cut off or cut back young 

 plants. 



