39 



with grass or old manure. The trees should be inspected during the 

 summer to see that weeds, etc., do not overshadow them. In case the 

 owner does not want large trees along cultivated fields, the first planting 

 can be done every sixteen feet and a few years later trees can be planted 

 between. When the first trees become too large they can be cut off the 

 height of a common fence post and later the fence can be attached to 

 the younger generation of trees as the older ones decay. 



The choice of species for this work must be given some considera- 



Fig. 27. Banks which could be protected by tree planting. 



tion. The fastest growing species will be Box Elder, Hardy Catalpa and 

 Black Locust. In the southern portions of the Province and in the best 

 classes of fresh, moist soils Hardy Catalpa may prove valuable for this 

 purpose. Black Locust will grow on the poorest of locations and will 

 be of more general value than Hardy Catalpa. Sugar Maple may be 

 employed in this work, although the growth will be slower than the pre- 

 ceding species and it requires very good soil. Some may desire to plant 

 nut producing trees so that a return may be had from nut crops. Black 

 Walnut, Shagbark Hickory, and Chestnut would be the most valuable 

 in this case. The Chestnut would grow on the lighter soils, while the 

 Black Walnut should be planted in good, rich soil. If evergreens are 

 desired, Norway Spruce, White Spruce, Larch and Arborvitae will give 

 best results. The Arborvitae should be placed in moist soil, while Larch 

 will stand dry, poor locations. 



In placing wire on trees, care should be taken not to injure the tree 

 more than necessary. Fig. 26 shows two methods common in Ontario. 

 Where the strip of wood is used in which to place staples, the tree gradu- 

 ally forces the strip over the head of the nail and in time it may be neces- 

 sary to put in new nails. As a rule, large bolts or heavy spikes are used 

 to fasten this strip to the tree. The use of such large fastenings is un- 

 necessary and usually a much smaller nail will hold just as well. For 

 an inch and a half strip two and a half inch nails are sufficiently large. 



