In making up this mixture, have 12 to 14 gallons of boiling water 

 in the barrel. Add the full quantity of lime and throw the sulphur paste 

 on top. Cover quickly with a piece of old carpet or sacking, and put a 

 heavy block of wood on top, as the steam and heat generated is so strong 

 that it would otherwise blow the mixture out of the barrel. Keep the 

 hoe stirring slowly from the bottom. Allow to boil for 40 minutes, then 

 till two-thirds full of boiling water and let stand for ten or fifteen minutes 

 longer. Watch for the green color as with the previous mixture. When 

 ready, strain into the spray barrel and make up to full quantity with hot 

 water. 



Some growers put in but a part of the lime at the start, and add the 

 remainder as soon as the first violent boiling is over. The addition of 

 six pounds of caustic soda to prolong the boiling has been recommended, 

 and the experiments in the Niagara district with this mixture in the pro- 

 portions given below were followed with fairly good results : 



Lime 30 pounds. 



Flowers of sulphur 15 pounds. 



Caustic soda 4-6 pounds. 



Water 4°-5° gallons. 



The addition to the cost, however, has militated against the free 

 use of caustic soda. Considerable quantities of the self-boiled mixture 

 have been used the past two seasons ; but many growers consider that 

 as the water has to be heated for the preparation of this mixture they 

 may as well boil the whole mixture and thus be sure of obtaining a more 

 efficient remedy for the Scale. Neither the self-boiled nor caustic soda 

 mixture are recommended where the facilities are at hand to properly 

 prepare the standard fire or steam cooked mixture. However, to the 

 owner of a few trees these mixtures will be of great value. 



Crude Oil. 



Crude oil has been used very largely in Niagara township from the 

 first, but the lime-sulphur mixture has almost entirely replaced it. Ten- 

 der trees such as the peach and Japan plum were not able to resist the 

 burning of the oil and many trees were destroyed. In the Chatham 

 district, on the other hand, its use up to 1906 was quite extended. This 

 was largely due to the presence of the oil wells in the immediate vicinity, 

 and to the fact that it was used almost entirely on apple and pear trees, 

 which arc more resistant. The spraying of large apple trees with the 

 oil is an easier task than with the lime-sulphur mixtures. The growers 

 in the west, however, are not satisfied with the oil treatment, and are 

 looking for a better mixture this year. In the use of crude oil, it is 

 essential that the oil be applied as lightly as possible, and with this end 

 in view, the nozzle should throw a very fine spray. An oil of as high 

 specific gravity as possible should be procured. The heavy, rough bark 



