of the trunk and main limbs seem to soak up large quantities of the crude 

 oil, and special care should be exercised in spraying these portions as 

 lightly as possible, consistent with thoroughness. 



Whale Oil Soap. 



Whale oil soap 2^ gallons. 



Water 1 gallon. 



This remedy also, while once largely used, has been replaced in 

 Ontario with the lime-sulphur mixtures. However, for the small orchard, 

 it is still a standard remedy, and will do good work if used strong 

 enough. Mr. Geo. E. Fisher recommends 2\ pounds to the gallon 

 applied very thoroughly before the buds open and after frosts are over. 

 The soap is thoroughly dissolved in a kettle over a fire, poured into the 

 pump, and applied while still hot. While easily prepared, this insecticide 

 is much more expensive than the lime-sulphur mixtures, and has given 

 less favorable results. 



Summer Sprays. 



In Ontario, practically no commercial spraying is done during the 

 summer for the San Jose" scale. The danger of injury to the foliage and 

 the difficulty of reaching all parts of the trunk and branches owing to 

 the heavy foliage, have been the main reasons for such conditions. Fur- 

 ther, owing to the fact that this scale is many brooded, and that the 

 summer washes destroy practically only the running larvae, it becomes 

 necessary to apply the mixture every four or five days for perhaps five 

 applications before the female scales become exhausted. However, 

 where a determined effort is being made to stamp out the scale, these 

 mixtures may be used as adjuncts to the winter washes. 



Kerosene Emulsion. 



Hard soap £ pound. 



Boiling water (soft) £ gallon. 



Coal-oil 1 gallon. 



This mixture is prepared as follows : — 



Dissolve the soap in the water, add the coal-oil and stir well from 

 five to ten minutes. A good way to mix the soap and oil is to violently 

 pump the mixture into itself. When properly prepared, it will adhere 

 to glass without oiliness. In using for the scale dilute with six parts 

 water for hardy trees and with seven parts for peaches and Japan plums. 

 Use a coarse spray so as to break through the foliage and reach the 

 twigs and branches. Spray in bright, dry, airy weather. Apply every 

 four or five days for several applications. 



