The Fall Web-Worm (Hyphantria textor). Late in summer, webs 

 may again be found upon the fruit-trees, larger in size and darker in color 

 than those of the Tent-caterpillar. These are filled with a numerous col- 

 ony of hairy caterpillars which cover the whole of the leaves where they 

 are feeding with a loosely woven silken web, and live within it at all 

 times These webs become very unsightly from being filled with the 

 skeletons of leaves and the cast-off skins and excrement of the inmates. 

 As they are very conspicuous there can be no excuse for leaving them on 

 the trees. It is easy to get rid of them by winding them up with a rod 

 in the same manner as the "tents" of the preceding species or when 

 large by cutting off the affected branch ; the colony should be disposed ot 

 by crushing under foot or burning, as may be convenient. 



The parent moth is pure white without spots on the wings, or some- 

 times more or less spotted with black. It appears in early summer, hav- 

 ing spent the winter in a silken cocoon, and lays its eggs in patches on 

 the under side of leaves, from which the caterpillars emerge in July or 

 August and proceed to form their webs. These worms vary to some ex- 

 tent in color and are covered with long straight hairs arranged in tufts 

 along the body ; when full grown they are about an inch in length. 



The attacks of these insects are by no means confined to fruit-trees; 

 their webs are quite as abundant on ash, willow, and many other trees. 



The White-Marked Tussock Moth (Hemerocampa leuco stigma), 

 Figs, 8-10. This insect is chiefly known from its attacks upon street 

 shade trees in Toronto and Montreal, and in some other cities and towns, 

 which have caused it to be much discussed in the newspapers and thus 

 made widely known to' the public. As it frequently attacks apple and 

 other trees, it may be briefly referred to here. The accompanying figures 

 render description unnecessary. Notwithstanding all the alarm mani- 

 fested in print, it is really an easy insect to control. The simplest method 

 is to remove and destroy the white egg-masses, which are very conspicu- 

 ous on the trunks and lower limbs of the trees, at any time during the 

 autumn or winter. The wingless female moth on emerging from her 

 cocoon lays her eggs upon it, and covers them with a white frothy sub- 

 stance which soon hardens and protects them from the weather; she then 

 drops to the ground and dies. Numerous other cocoons, without any 

 deposit of eggs upon them, may also be seen; it is unnecessary to remove 

 them, as they contain either the empty shells of the male chrysalids or 

 parasitized larvae. The young caterpillars are hatched out toward the 

 end of May and may be destroyed, if numerous enough to injure the foli- 

 age, by an ordinary spraying with Paris green. In some places there are 

 two broods during the season, the first forming their cocoons about the 

 middle of July and the second in the end of August. Where this is the 

 case spraying should be resorted to, or the egg masses destroyed as soon 

 as possible after they are formed. 



