11 



ashen-grey color, with a milk-white blotch across the middle of each fore 

 wing- and two eye-like spots, one near the tip and the other at the hind 

 angle of the wing ; from these spots it derives its name. From the eggs 

 now laid the larvae are hatched in July and feed for a time on the leaves of 

 the tree and then form their silken winter quarters on the twigs. The 

 presence of the insect may be detected by the bunch of blackened and 

 shrivelled leaves tied together at the ends of twigs. In the case of small 

 trees in a nursery these may be cut off and burnt, but it is far better to 

 ward off the attack both in the orchard and elsewhere by spraying the 

 trees with a strong Paris green wash about the first of May and a week 

 later ; in any case the spraying should be done before the blossoms are 

 displayed. It is advisable to combine the Paris green with Bordeaux 

 mixture for the destruction of fungus diseases at the same time. If 

 thoroughly done these sprayings will not only kill the larvae of the Bud- 

 moth, but also a number of other early insects, such as the Case-bearers, 

 Canker-worms, Tent-caterpillars, etc. 



Fig. 16. Leaf-roller Moth ; wings open. Fig. 17. Leaf-roller Moth ; wings closed. 



The Oblique-Banded Leaf-Roller (Cacoecia rosaceana), Figs. 16 

 and 17. This is another spring insect which appears soon after the buds 

 open. The little caterpillars roll up and fasten together the young leaves 

 and thus form a shelter in which they feed securely. When numerous 

 they inflict a great deal of damage upon the foliage and sometimes injure 

 the young fruit by gnawing the skin. The moth, which appears about 

 the end of June, is of a yellowish brown color with oblique darker bands 

 across the fore wings, flat and broad, somewhat bell-shaped when the 

 wings are closed ; the hind wings are a paler yellow. The members of 

 the family of moths to which this insect belongs are called Tortrices or 

 Leaf-rollers, and infest a great variety of plants. Several species, be- 

 sides the one here referred to, may be found on apple-trees. The spray- 

 ings recommended for the Codling-moth should prevent any injury from 

 these small caterpillars. 



The Cigar Case-Bearer (Coleophora Fletcherella) and The Pistol 

 Case-Bearer (C. malivorella), Fig. 18. These curious insects are to be 

 found in early spring on the buds of apple and other fruit trees. They 

 are tiny yellow caterpillars which pass the winter in curved cases formed 

 of pieces of leaves cut out for the purpose ; in spring they move to the 

 opening buds and devour the tissue of the leaves. The small shining 

 steel-grey moths of the first species appear about the end of July and lay 

 their eggs, from which the caterpillars are soon hatched, and attain about 



