15 



by the old scales ; about the end of May and beginning of June, the yellow 

 lice are hatched out and wander about for a short time, looking for a 

 suitable place where they may attach themselves to the bark. This is 

 done by inserting the beak into the tissue, and there the creature soon 



Fig. 24. Oyster-shell Bark-louse. 



Fig. >. A Scale,;; 

 greatly enlarged. _^ 



Fig. 26. 



Scales on a twig. 



becomes covered with a scale and remains for the rest of its life sucking 

 the sap of the tree. Twice in the season the insect sheds its skin and 

 assumes a larger one, leaving the cast-off portion still attached to the 

 new. In the autumn the adult female lays her eggs and dies. The lime- 

 sulphur wash recommended for the San Jos6 Scale is a complete remedy 

 for this one also. When inconvenient to make it, good results may be 

 obtained by a thorough wash with lime alone (one pound and a half 

 quickly slaked to a gallon of water), applied after the leaves fall in the 

 autumn and again before the buds open in the spring. When the lice are 

 first hatched out and are running on the limbs they may be destroyed with 

 kerosene emulsion or a whale-oil soap solution. 



The Scurfy Bark=Louse (Chionaspis fiirfurns), Fig. 2j, also attacks 

 the apple and some other fruit-trees, but is not so widely distributed as 

 the preceding species, which it somewhat resembles in shape. The eggs 

 are of a purplish color, and the adult scale is white and conspicuous. 

 The figures will enable anyone to distinguish the two species. Their life- 

 histories and habits are the same, and consequently the same treatment 

 may be adopted for both. 



