32 



will eat this mixture in preference to anything else and then return 10 

 their hiding-places to die. 



Many other caterpillars, great and small, feed upon the foliage of the 

 grape and may from time to time become destructive. Spraying with 

 Paris green will get rid of them whenever they appear to be dangerous. 



The Grape Leaf-Hopper (Typhlocyba vitifex). This insect is com- 

 monly, but erroneously, called "Thrips. " It is a minute creature, about 

 one-eighth of an inch in length,, and is to be found in great numbers >n 

 the under side of the leaves. When disturbed it hops with great agility 

 and quickly takes flight. When seen under a magnifying glass these 

 insects are found to be prettily marked with different colors, red, yellow, 

 etc., and are believed to represent several species. The larvae appear in 

 June and resemble the adults, except that they are smaller and wingless ; 

 they moult several times and the empty cast-off skins may often be found 

 in great numbers sticking to the leaves. These insects belong to the 

 order of true "bugs," and are furnished with beaks for sucking the juices 

 of the plants, not with jaws for biting; consequently they cannot be 

 poisoned through their food, but must be treated with contact remedies 



Fig. 48. — Phylloxera galls on a grape-leaf. 



such as strong tobacco water, whale-oil soap or kerosene emulsion. Then- 

 presence is usually made known by the blotches they produce on the 

 leaves from the exhaustion of the sap; and as they occur in immense 

 numbers they often destroy the whole leaf, causing it to look as ii 

 scorched, and to drop from the vine. In winter the adults take refuge 

 under leaves and rubbish, and may be destroyed, with several other of 

 the insects here referred to, by raking up and burning all such material 

 in the autumn. 



The Grape Phylloxera (Phylloxera vastatrix), Fig. 48. In the 

 wine-producing countries of Europe no insect has a more evil reputation 



