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child. Dr. Osier interrupted with, "Providence had nothing to do with 

 it; it was dirty milk." 



One day about the year 1900, Dr. Park, of the Board of Health, in 

 charge of the Bacteriological Laboratory, in New York, noticed that a 

 number of kittens about the laboratory had died rather suddenly. There 

 is a cause for every death, and it is the business of the physician to find 

 out why people die. What killed the kittens? Was it the milk? Prof. 

 Dean has already told us that milk must be chilled in order to prevent 

 germs multiplying and the number of germs in milk will vary according 

 to the condition of the stable, the cow, the utensils and the clothes and 

 hands" of the milker. If these are clean, there will be a less number of 

 germs in the milk. We doctors are not too particular. We do not 

 ask that there should be no germs, but there must be a limit. We count 

 the number of germs in twenty drops of milk, and most doctors will 

 agree that 50,000 germs in half a teaspoonful, or twenty drops, is pretty 

 good milk. It is good milk. In the city of Rochester they do not allow 

 milk to contain more than 100,000 germs in half a teaspoonful in summer, 

 or 50,000 in winter. Dr. Park found on examining the milk from which 

 the kittens drank that it contained 70,000,000 germs, and more, in half 

 a teaspoonful ! 



Now, if I were put into one word how we doctors feel about milk, 

 I would say that we are anxious, apprehensive about the milk supply, 

 and we cannot get people to take enough interest in it. 



I will tell you about an incident which happened in the city of To- 

 ronto some three or four years ago. Dr. Sheard traced some cases of 

 typhoid back to the milk supply. In this case the trouble came from the 

 well-water which was used to rinse the milk cans. The next year the 

 same thing occurred, and was traced to the same well. This ended that 

 farmer's career as a milkman. These things are happening in our midst. 



I will give you one more instance. The Assistant State Veterinary 

 Surgeon, Dr. S. H. Johnston, of Carroll, Iowa, says that a cow was 

 reported to him as having a bad cough, but apparently healthy other- 

 wise. He advised the owner to have her tested for tuberculosis, but the 

 owner did not hurry, and eight weeks after his attention was aq-ain called 

 to her. The cow was worse, and the owner was again advised to have 

 the cow tested. The test was made, and the cow was found to have 

 tuberculosis. Dr. Johnston then enquired about the milk, and found 

 that it had been supplied to three families. He found that six persons in 

 these three families had suffered from tuberculosis and recently three 

 had died. Only one of those cases could be traced to any other source 

 of infection than the milk. 



Every dairy ought to be under strict and thorough inspection. If 

 people do not ask for clean milk, why should the farmer give it, if we 

 are satisfied to pay for dirty milk? If you want clean milk, ask for it 

 and see that you get it. 



We must take some trouble about this. Dr. Kiefer, the Medical 

 Health Officer of Detroit, says that as soon as a case of transmissible 



