36 RECLAMATION OF CAPE COD SAND DUNES. 



areas. The initial plantings of woody plants were unsuccessful, owing 

 to their having been introduced into the shifting sand areas without 

 the protection of beach grass. Plantations of beach grass aggregating 

 219 acres have been made and large numbers of bayberry bushes, 

 young pines, etc., have been introduced among the grass, which persists 

 until the bushes and young trees have attained sufficient size to be self- 

 protecting. The State has expended for reclamation purposes during 

 the ten years ending January 1, 190i, 131,929.78, of which |10,950 

 was for' grass planting. The General Government has spent 

 $162,019.86 in its work of harbor protection, and the total amount 

 expended upon the harbor by the State and National Governments is 

 $325, 719. Y8. This includes $131,770.11: expended by the State in 1868 

 for the construction of a dike across East Harbor. 



The sand areas are of vital importance to the harbor and their con- 

 trol necessitates reforestation, which is at present being accomplished, 

 the authorities having in mind the ultimate development of a marine 

 park. . 



BIBIiIOGRAPHY. 



DwiGHT, T. Travels in New England and New York, 1796 and 1797 (1823). 

 Mass. Sen. Doc. No. 5 (1854). 



(Being a report on Cape Cod and East harbors.) 



Flint, C. L. Grasses and forage plants (1858). 

 Thoreau, H. D. Cape Cod (1864). 

 Mass. House Doc. No. 50. 



(Being a report on the condition of Long Point and East Harbor.) 

 Mass. Sen. Doc. No. 5 (1872). 



(Being a report on the construction of the East Harbor dike in 1868.) 

 Annual reports of the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, 1876, pp. 181-190; 1879, pp. 



273-275; 1886, pp. 574-577; 1903, pp. 87, 783-784. 

 Mass. House Doc. No. 339 (1893). 



(Being a report on the Province lands authorized under chapter 420 of the acts of 1892.) 



Small, James A. Reports of the Superintendent of the Province lands. Annual 

 reports of the Harbor and Land Commissioners, 1893-1903. 



ScRiBNER, F. Lamson-. Grasscs as sand and soil binders. Reprint from the Year- 

 book of the U. S. Dept. Agric, 1894, pp. 421-4.36. 



Sand-binding grasses. Reprint from the Yearbook of the U. S. Dept. Agric, 



1898, pp. 405-420. 



•CowLES, H. C. Ecological relations of the vegetation on the Lake iMichigan sand 

 dunes. Reprint from the Bot. Gaz., 27 : 95 et seq. 



HoLLiCK, A. Geological and botanical notes: Cape Cod and Chippaquidick Island, 

 Massachusetts. Bui. N. Y. Bot. Gard., 2 : 381-407. ' 



