SEPTEMBER, 1900, TO DECEMBER, 1903. 245 



hardiest of the lar^e-sized kinds in Japan and thrives in En^dand, proving; hardit-r 

 than .lAwo, No. 9045. It never attains the same dimensions as this species, ))nt often, 

 however, grows to a height of MO to 40 feet, and enims having a diameter of 2h to 8 

 inches ari' not unnsual. Even 4-inch cnhns an' dcscrihcd l)y tlie hooks. Tiu" size 

 of these cuhns depends largely upon the method of culture and iiow carefully the 

 forests are thinned out and manured. About ."{(K) plants should he set to an acn-, in 

 such a way that their spreading rhizomes will not interfere with each other at the 

 start. The soil should l)e worked over to a depth of 18 inches several months before 

 planting, and if of a heavy clay, should l>e lightened by working in straw and litter 

 from the barnyard, .\lter planting, the ground should be heavily midcheil to prevent 

 the top soil from drying out, and every means should be taken to insure that the 

 ground is soon shaded by the growing shoots. The soil about the bases of the cuhns 

 should be kept in semiob-scurity. This object is only obtained by moderately thick 

 planting and judicious thiiming. Small clumps are not so likely to produce large 

 stems as(|uicklvas large patches, for the rea.son that the soil is more exposed to 

 the drying effect of the sun. ( )iily rich, alluvial, weil-<lrained soil is likely to prove 

 suital)Ie for a banduio fore.st of this species. The thickni'ss of the pipes of this sort 

 of bamboo is greater than that of any of the other common kinds, and this charac- 

 teristic makes the culms more rigid and more serviceable for many i)urposes. It is 

 of great importance that a young forest of baud)oos be protected from tlu' wind, for 

 the young, temler shoots are easily injured. Wind-breaks of conifers are used in 

 Japan even where the winds are anything but severe. A sheltered valley, or the 

 base of a mountain slope, is sometimes chosen as offering such a sheltered situation. 

 In setting young i)lants out great care should be taken not to injure the buds on the 

 rhizomes or to break off the fibrous roots l)y packing down the soil too roughly about 

 them. This si)ecies is likely to prove the most valuable of any of the Japanese hardy 

 bamboos. ' ' {Fairchild. ) 



9047. Phyllostaciiys henonis. Bamboo. 



From Yokohama, Japan. Received through Messrs. Lathrop and Fairchild 

 (No. 989, July 29, 1902), November, 1902. 



Hachihi. "The second most important timber bamboo of Japan. Its method of 

 culture is exactly similar to that of the Madake, No. 904(), and often it is cultivated 

 side by side with this species. The brittleness of its joints, I am told, prevents its 

 being used for many purposes, such as barrel hoops, for which the Madake is better 

 adapted. On the other hand, the fine baudjoo ribs of Japanese paper lanterns are 

 generally made from this species. The height of this species is little inferior to that 

 of the Madake, but it may be easily distinguished from it by the al)sence of dark 

 spots on the sheath in young shoots." The sheaths are a solid light-straw color. The 

 pseudophyll has a wavy outline. As an ornamental, this species is singled out by 

 Mitford as the most beautiful of all the Japanese bamboos. In hardiness in Japan 

 it ranks al)out the same as Pln/Uostachys quilloi. Mitford says it is one of the hardiest 

 species in England, retaining its green color through the winter, the leaves not being 

 injured by the cold. It should be given good soil and protection for the first few 

 winters, or until thoroughly established." (Fairchild.) 



9048. Phyllostachys marliacea. Bamboo. 



From Yokohama, Japan. Received through Messrs. Lathrop and Fairchild 

 (No. 990, August, 1902), November, 1902. 



Shiho-chiku or Shhra-rhiku. "Plants of the wrinkled bamboo, perfectly hardy in 

 England, characterized by having the base of the culm fluted or covered witH longi- 

 tudinal grooves and ridges. The stems of this species are especially prized for use in 

 the woodwork of the special tea-ceremony rooms of old Japanese houses. An uncom- 

 mon form in England and very decorative. Hard to get in quantity, even in.Iapan. 

 It should be given the same treatment as that given to Phyllostachys quilioi." {Fair- 

 child.) 



9049. Bambusa quadrangularis. Bamboo. 



From Yokohama, Japan. Received through Messrs. Lathrop and Fairchild 

 (No. 991, August, 1902), November, 1902. 



Shiho-chiku or Shikaku-dake. ' ' Plants of the square bamboo. This is not consid- 

 ered as hardy as the previously mentioned species, Phyllostachys quilioi, and it will be 

 advisable to give it especial care upon arrival. The plants should be potted and kept 



