62 RANGE INVESTIGATIONS IN ARIZONA. 



these arid mesa lands. Alfilerilla is alread}" wide)}' introduced. It has 

 good seed habits and special provision for buryinj^ its seed. Of course 

 perennial forage plants would furnish better feed than the annuals, 

 but there is little hope of establishing them without greater expense 

 than the economic benefit seems to warrant. It may be possible to 

 establish some of the hardier perennial species upon the foothills. 

 This, however, is a matter for experimental work to determine. 



DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 



Plate I. (Frontispiece.) Laosa, a typical southern Arizona ranch. 



Plate II. Contrast between dry and wet seasons in foothills range. Fig. 1. — Live- 

 oak belt, upper foothills, eastern slope of Huachuca Mountains, July 1, 1903, 

 before the rainy season began. Last year's crop of grass has all been eaten off. 

 Fig. 2. — Upper foothills, northern slope, Santa Rita Mountains, just Ijelow the 

 oak belt, showing Panicum lachnanthuvi, grama, and mesquite at the close of the 

 rainy season. 



Plate IIL The large inclosure. Fig. L — Pyramid Hill, section IS, township 18, 

 range 15. Horses digging for water in the sands of an arroyo. September, 

 1902. Fig. 2. — Looking south from the top of Pyramid Hill, showing the gen- 

 eral character of the fenced area. October, 1902. 



Plate IV. Saltbushes. Fig. 1. — Atriplex lentiformis, the largest of our native salt- 

 bushes. Tempe, Ariz., November, 1902. Fig. 2. — Alriplex elegans in \a.rgemrloB- 

 ure, northern foothills, Santa Rita INIountains, September, 1908. 



Plate V. Fig. 1. — Hay meadow, Salt River Valley. First crop of alfalfa with win- 

 ter barley, which greatly increases the yield. Phoenix, April, 1903. Fig. 2. — 

 Erosion along Pantano Wash, east of Santa Rita Mountains, October, 1902. 



Plate VI. Alfilerilla range. Fig. 1. — Alfilerilla and Indian wheat near Dudleyville. 

 In the central foreground are shown closely grazed bushes of " jojoba " [Siiiiojid- 

 sia californica). Fig. 2. — Alfilerilla and Indian wheat near Oracle. Opuntia 

 engelmanni. Yucca radiosa, and mesquite are the conspicuous plants. 



Plate VII. Two phases of the range question. Fig. 1. — Goats and the oak brush 

 upon which they live. Mayer, September, 1903. Fig. 2. — The remains of 

 thirteen head of cattle in a space of 30 feet along a small arroyo near Arivaca, 

 as the result of too great distance between feed and water. April, 1903. 



Plate VIII. Haying scenes in southern Arizona. Fig. 1. — Mexicans at Sopori 

 stacking "celite" {Ainaranlhns pahneri), which makes a large volunteer crop 

 after the winter crop of grain hay has been removed. October, 1903. Fig. 2. — 

 A Mexican packing hay from the mountains. Santa Rita Mountains, .Inly, 1903. 



Plate IX. Native pasture lands in southern x\rizona. Fig. 1. — Galleta (Hilaria 

 jwM^ica) in a swale south of Vail Station. September, 1902. Old grass, there 

 being practically no growth this year. Fig. 2. — A round-up in the northern foot- 

 hills of the Santa Rita Mountains, April, 1903, when the large area was being 

 inclo.sed. 



Plate X. Fig. 1.— An ocotilla forest about 4 miles northeast of the large inclosure. 

 September, 1902. Practically no feed is produced here. Fig. 2. — The work of 

 prairie dogs upon the northern slope of the White Mountains. Large areas of 

 grass are destroyed by these animals. July, 1903, 



o 



