HISTORY IN BRIEF. 15 



make studies. Inasmuch as this name was given without inocuUi- 

 tions or study of cultures, and as various bacteria occurring in the 

 tumors are indistinguishable microscopically, and the saprophytes 

 often more abundant than the parasite, and particularly as the 

 parasitic organism does not, so far as we know, congregate in zoogloeae 

 masses in cracks or lacunoe of the dead tissue in the manner described 

 for this organism, his name is not here used. His description in full 

 is as follows: 



Bacillus ampelopsorae Trev. in add. ad Gen. pag. 36, Batterio della rogna della vite 

 Cuboni in Rendiconti Accad. d. Lincei, Ser. IV, 1889, Vol. V., p. 571, Bacterie de 

 la tuberculose de la Vigne Andrade Corvo in Savast. Compt. Rend. Paris, 1886. — 

 Baculis cylindraceis, 1 to l.bXO.Spi, in colonias canaliculos lacunasque tumefactionis 

 implentes congregatis. 



Hab. in tumoribus Vitis. — Dilute coloratur per colorem violaceum methylicum. 

 B. oleae analogus. 



In 1897 Cavara described the tuberculosis or rogna of the vine 

 from material obtained near Venice (Stazioni Sperimentali Agrarie 

 Italiane, Modena, vol. 30, p. 483) and partially removed the subject 

 from the region of uncertainties by making pure cultures of the right 

 organism and successful inoculations therefrom. His experiments, 

 however, were so few in number that they did not convince anyone 

 and were generally overlooked. He had published a brief prelimi- 

 nary note in 1895, but the following citations are made from the 

 later and fuller article: 



The attacked plant presents the following characters: Rachitic development of 

 the leaves; color of the leaf blade greenish yellow. The leaf blades are bent on the 

 margins and acquire a waxy aspect quite analagous to leaves of the peach attacked by 

 Exoascus deformans. The branches of the year may be of a yellowish color and enlarged, 

 and, abstraction made of the tubercular part which forms at the nodes, assume a size 

 sometimes double or triple the normal size. The tubercules on the young shoots 

 appear first at the nodes, in correspondence with which the periderm is lifted up in 

 tense bridles; but then they extend to the internodes, the bark of which cracks open 

 in a longitudinal direction. The old shoots show ample crevices, the margins of 

 which are lined with close-set and small tubercles which, as they become old, decom- 

 pose and show a browned, decayed surface. * * * 



I cultivated this bacterium in gelatin prepared with green shoots of the vine, and 

 the Petri-dish poured plates gave circular, flat colonies, mother-of-pearl color, which 

 did not liquefy the surrounding gelatin. In tube culture, transfemng from the 

 plate culture by means of the needle, the infections gave a colony pure mother-of- 

 pearl color with disappearing edges, sunken a little in the center while assuming a 

 granular aspect along the line of the stab. The bacterium did not liquefy the gelatin, 

 and behaved like an aerobe. In agar agar it was cultivated also very well, but the 

 development was slower. Stained with methylene blue, the organisms obtained 

 from various cultures and observed under the microscope showed a cylindric form 

 with the extremities rounded, without any refringent particles, and having a form 

 rather of a bacterium than of a bacillus, the dimensions being 1.5 to 2 X 0.5 /i.o 



With cultural material many times renewed by transfer, I made inoculations in 

 the Botanic Garden of Pavia, where in the garden plot of the Ampelopsidse were 



a Compare our own measurements, pp. 105, 128. 



