TUBERCULOSIS OF SUGAR BEET. 195 



by 1.5 to 2.0/1. It is flagellate by means of several polar flagella. 

 No spores have been observed. It has a capsule. It liquefies gelatin 

 slowly, but not Loeffler's blood serum. Gelatin stabs at 18° C. required 

 a month for complete liquefaction. It reduces nitrates. It grows 

 readily in peptonized beef-bouillon containing 9 per cent sodium 

 chloride. In ordinary peptone bouillon there is uniform clouding 

 and a copious pelhcle, which falls easily. It is killed in beef-bouillon 

 by 10 minutes' exposure in the water bath to 51° C. It grows at 

 37° C, but not so well as at room-temperature (bouillon). It also 

 grows slowly at 1° C. in bouillon. In milk the growth occurs mostly 

 on the surface. It forms a yellow rim and pellicle and slowly solidi- 

 fies it, but the whey separates very slowly. The fluid is viscid. 

 Litmus milk is blued, and subsequently reduced (1 month). After 

 boiling, the color returns red. It does not grow in Cohn's solution. 

 It grows readily in Uschinsky's solution, making it viscid, like Bac- 

 terium pruni. In this fluid rods with enormously thick-walled capsules 

 occur. It makes a moderate growth on potato. It does not convert 

 the fluid around the cylinder into a solid slime. There is a copious 

 starch reaction with iodine even after many weeks' growth. 



For experiments in fermentation tubes a basic solution was made 

 of river water containing Witte's peptone. In this the following 

 carbon compounds were tested: dextrose, saccharose, lactose, mal- 

 tose, mannit, and glycerin. The organism grew readily in the open 

 end of all the tubes and clouded the closed end except when lactose 

 and glycerin were offered to it. No gas was produced from these 

 carbon compounds. It did not produce gas in any culture medium, 

 except possibly sparingly in beef peptone gelatin. It should be 

 tried for gas formation in presence of inosit. On thin sown agar 

 plates the colonies may become 1 cm. in diameter. Often they are 

 smaller. These colonies are circular, smooth or wrinkled. The 

 colonies are similar on gelatin and finally form saucer-shaped lique- 

 factions, or if the plate is thickl}^ sown the whole becomes fluid. It 

 grows well the whole length of agar stabs, and sometimes sends out 

 small brush-like projections. Growth is much paler in cane sugar 

 agar, but becomes yellow with age. Indol is produced in 2 per cent 

 peptone water, but less abundantly than by Bacillus coli. It grows 

 readily in bouillon over chloroform. It is not killed by drj^ing (four- 

 teen days). It stains well by Gram. It is yeUow or becomes yeUow 

 on all ordinary culture media. 



SHRUBS, SHADE TREES, AND FOREST TREES. 



We have no means of determining the amount of injury done by 

 crown gall to nut trees, shade trees, etc. The disease is common 

 on the chestnut and the gray poplar in the eastern United States, and 

 is said to occur frequently on the Persian walnut in California. 



213 



