state Dairy Association, 71 



cock test came along and we began using that. I always believed 

 in setting a butter standard for my herd. In 1892 I made my 

 standard 198 pounds. I had to sell twenty-one of the cows that I 

 was using at that time. In 1894 I raised the standard to two 

 hundred and twenty-five pounds, and I had only six cows to sell. 



In 1895 I commenced to get ready for the certified milk busi- 

 ness. I was in the business for ten or eleven years, and then, with 

 the risk that there was, I had to buy cows to increase my dairy to 

 keep pace with the demand, and there was quite a risk on account 

 of tuberculosis. We had to test the animals and I dropped my 

 standard back to two hundred pounds on account of that risk. All 

 I could do was to buy the cow and take her on my own risk, and 

 whatever I had to slaughter were my own loss for several years. I 

 put this dead line at two hundred pounds of butter or 172 pounds 

 of butter fat, because when they dropped below that, there was no 

 money for me in it. After I had paid for the feed and labor, if 

 they could not make this, I had simply nothing left. If I had to 

 depend upon that dairy I might as well have quit the dairy busi- 

 ness and gone out to work for twenty-five dollars a month as to 

 keep cows that would not come up to that. 



In the year 1900 I shipped milk to the Paris Exposition. Your 

 secretary was practically right about what he said in regard to 

 that. The milk was seventeen days on the road and kept sweet 

 four days after it reached Paris, France. That milk was a revela- 

 tion to the French people, and they could not believe it had not been 

 doctored until they gave it a test. Major Alvord, at the head of 

 that dairy commission, told me the milk produced near by was not 

 fit for use after two days, and in hot weather was not fit for use 

 after twenty-four hours. Yet milk shipped from the United States 

 kept for twenty-one days. 



In the year 1900 I have the figures on a stable of my cows. 

 The best cow in the stable made 472 pounds of butter and a profit 

 of $50.74. The poorest made 174 pounds of butter and lost mo 

 $11.00. Now, what is the sense of an intelligent man going blund- 

 ering along through life and not understanding their own cows as 

 individuals? The best cow, it costs me to feed, $46.06, the poor- 

 est cow $31.23. Some people have an idea that it costs no more to 

 feed one cow than another, but that is a mistake. Because som.e 

 cows have not the capacity to handle the feed that others have; 

 and one cannot buy that capacity; it is bred in them. 



I remember a little incident in my own town. I knew the 

 parties wejl. There was a young lady in school who could not go!; 



