state Dairy Association. 83 



is employed to work the pumps stops during- the milking operation 

 there is a marked decrease in the yield of milk. 



The pipe system consists of the pipe which runs in front or 

 behind the cows. This pipe system contains the vacuum cocks, 

 which are placed between the cows taken in pairs, and to which 

 the milkers may be attached. The vacuum pressure is conveyed 

 through these pipes to the milkers. 



The milker consists of a can or receptacle with a close fitting 

 cover, pulsator, and two stop cocks, to which are attached rubber 

 tubes which are connected «to the teat cups. The parts of the milker 

 consist of the pail upon which is placed a cover containing the pul- 

 sator, and the inspection glass for determining when the cow has 

 been milked dry. There are two milk cocks on each cover, and at- 

 tached to these are rubber hose which lead to the cow and to which 

 the teat cups are connected. A rubber hose connects the vacuum 

 pail with the vacuum cock, allowing the suction to be communi- 

 cated to the pail. By opening the vacuum cock the air is exhausted 

 from the pail, which sets the pulsator in operation. As the pul- 

 sator works up and down, it applies suction to the teat and then 

 gives a relief. When suction is applied it draws the milk through 

 the milk tube from the teat and deposits it in the pail. The pe- 

 culiar construction of the teat cups assist markedly in making the 

 machine a success. These- teat cups are made of tinned copper, the 

 tops of which are fitted with a flexible rubber mouth-piece which 

 adjusts itself to the condition of the teat and thus seals the air from 

 the vacuum. To milk thoroughly a teat cup must fit the teat per- 

 fectly, and it is here where the success of a good operator comes in 

 to determine what teat cup to use for each individual cow. 



THE FITTING OF TEAT CUPS AND MOUTH PIECES. 



The teat cup of a machine is that part which is made of tin and 

 surrounds the teat, and in fitting the same to the teat it must be of 

 such diameter as to receive the teat loosely during the latter part of 

 the period of lactation, and should fit rather tightly in the first 

 period of lactation. The chief objection to a teat cup that is too 

 large lies in the fact that the vacuum expands the teat and thereby 

 draws the milk down into the teat, but the pulsation is as a rule not 

 of sufficient duration to allow more than a part of the milk to flow 

 from the teat. As the release comes on, the pressure of the air 

 causes the teat to collapse and force the milk back into the cistern. 

 Hence, by having too large a teat cup the milk is churned back and 



