552 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



insects as infested the trees. The "•daugei-oiisly injurious insects" 

 referred to in the law is taken to mean those which are destructive 

 to the life of the trees. Very little work has been done, exceptinj^ 

 by way of suggestion, for the control of codling moth, which is a 

 great enemy to the production of apples in this State. The bulle- 

 tins of our experiment station have given much information rela- 

 tive to the control of all kinds of insects, including those that are 

 merely injurious in a temporary way, while the special work of 

 the inspectors of the Department has been to eradicate all insects 

 and diseases that threaten the life of the orchard trees and plants. 

 In the inspection of nurseries, it seems desirable to destroy all 

 young trees that are infested to their injury, as in the case of San 

 Jos^ Scale. A nursery tree, that is to be shipped for planting in an 

 orchard, ma^^ carry with it a single scale which will spread to an 

 unlimited extent. Nursery trees that are badly marked with this 

 scale can not be called merchantable and are destroyed. Fumiga- 

 tion or other treatment may kill the scale, yet it seems desirable to 

 prevent the shipping of all such trees in ordinary business transac- 

 tions. Fumigation even if absolutely effective not being applicable 

 to trees in the nursery row is an auxiliary to inspection, as a 

 nursery infestation will certainly spread though the outgoing stock 

 may be fumigated perfectly. 



Instances have been noted where San Jos(S Scale has survived fumi- 

 gation, the cause being non-circulation of the gas in the fumigator, 

 leakage, impure chemicals, or th;i^ ,e scales were protected in 

 some way. We have found that dormant nurser}- stock can be fu- 

 migated two or even four times with a strength of material at least 

 twice the ordinary formula of one ounce of cyanide to each 100 feet 

 of space. • 



We find that considerable stock is shipped into the State from 

 other states which proves, on examination, to be infested with San 

 Jos^ Scale and other pests. All shipments into the State from 

 points without the State are required to be inspected by the agents 

 of the Department and the statute requires that all such shipments 

 shall be fumigated before dissemination or planting. 



Treatment of orchard trees for San Josd Scale during the year 

 was carried out in different portions of the State with various for- 

 mulas and wherever done in a thorough and approved manner the 

 results were satisfactory to the extent of saving the fruit and rid- 

 ding the trees of the larger portions of the scale. A few scales re- 

 main in most cases, not because the insecticide used was ineffective, 

 but because the last breeding female was nol l(»n(lied or covered by 

 the remedy. 



Three principal methods of treatment iiiny be referred to (1) crude 

 petroleum. This remedy when ajqdied late in the spring befort- the 



