No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGrflCULTURE. 565 



trees. But it is only to those who thoroughly understand the situ:i 

 tion and are fully convinced that success just as surely awaits them 

 by persistent care and untiring energy in battling with this most 

 dreaded of all insect pests that we can offer this same suggestion. 



In tree fruit culture we are on the eve of a new era. If success 

 is to be ours, or any of ours, we must have legislation which will 

 compel not those of us who are anxious and who lie awake nights 

 studying plans and formul<Te to eradicate, if such a thing be possi- 

 ble, or at least keep in check this dreaded pest, but those who 

 having small orchards, or a few trees perhaps, are practically indif- 

 ferent as to its results, to either treat their trees when infected 

 according to the instructions of the Economic Zoologist of Penn- 

 sylvania, or have them destroyed. In the presence of the efficient 

 and very satisfactory Surface, it is not my intention to suggest 

 even a formula for the destruction of this pest. My experience, 

 however, I believe, will be gratifying to him and may be of some 

 interest to this audience. By actual experience I am fully convinced 

 that either crude petroleum or the lime, sulphur and salt combina- 

 tion, if properly mixed, and properly applied, will satisfactorily 

 serve to entirely destroy this worst of all insect pests. I have used 

 the crude petroleum, twenty-five per cent, and seventy-five per cent, 

 water, with complete results. And I have also applied the lime, 

 feulphur and salt combination with equally good results. 



The future of the fruit grower in Pennsylvania, who will take 

 off his coat, roll up his sleeves and fight this pest, under the direc- 

 tion of the great chief of "Bugology," Prof. H. A. Surface, and hav- 

 ing for his protection laws that will prevent utter carelessness on 

 the part of the indifferent ones, a just and deserved success must be 

 his to enjoy. 



The PRESIDENT: What time in the year do you use it? 



MR. LEDY: The Scale must be treated when the butts are dor- 

 mant. It is almost impossible to reach it at any other time. 



The PRESIDENT: That is, in the early spring? 



MR. LEDY: Yes, sir. 



The PRESIDENT: What do you find to be a good remedy? 



MR. LEDY: Either lime, sulphur and salt, or crude oil, will kill 

 the covering. If the tree is spread well the buds are entirely dor- 

 mant. There is nothing as effective as oil and I have effectually 

 killed the tree in the use of oil. My first experience was with eleven 

 beautiful trees. I found out what it was when Professor McCart- 

 ney came to Shippeusburg to lecture on the Scale, and that I had it 



