848 ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



to an unknown temi>erature at this time of the 3'ear. Yesterday I 

 saw plenty of animals out on these cold hills. Take an animal that 

 has been out a day like yesterday, put her in a dairy barn and leave 

 the windows open and nothing will sooner produce tuberculosis. I 

 have noticed that AVhen you and I catch cold it is Avhen we are ex- 

 posed to the cold, contrary to our general habits. We will find tliat 

 animals standing in the drenching rains are the ones that develop 

 disease. You can scarcely make be believe, after 15 to 20 years ex- 

 perience with dairy animals in stalls, that domesticity w^eakens the 

 constitution and produces disease. The temperature of a dairy 

 barn should not be up to-day and down to-morrow. When the 

 stables are being cleaned both doors should not be open. From the 

 1st of October no two doors should be open at the same time. The 

 stable should be cleaned everv dav, and there should be disinfection 

 and whitewashing. The comfort of the animal should be considered 

 just as carefully as the food. You cannot make me believe that 

 there is any use in allowing an animal to go out over a number of 

 acres of ground and try to make a living for one's famil3\ The dairy 

 animal is intended as a milk producer. Domestication has changed 

 the animal and has changed everything, houses, railroads, etc., and 

 are we weakening? No, there are more brains in America than ever. 

 The dairy business has become a science, and we must have agricul- 

 tural colleges and educate our farmers if we expect the State of 

 Pennsylvania to hold her position in the raising of animals and crops 

 for the good of its many citizens. 



It requires a wider range of knowledge to be a farmer than a law- 

 yer or a preacher. One of the difficulties about the dairy barn is to 

 keep the atmosphere pure. There are different views about the car- 

 bonic gas formed. If you lie down fiat in the barn you will find out 

 that there seems to be a dilference in the atmosphere than when you 

 stand erect. The getting up and lying down of the animal raises 

 the gas to the top of the barn. 



In the production of animals, I have not tried to get phenomenal 

 milkers, but profit-makers. We study to know each animal indi- 

 vidually and try to meet its needs. 



The care of the manure from the dairy barn is as important as the 

 care of the milk. If the milk is not cared for my customers find 

 fault; if the manure is not cared for my fields will not be satisfied. 

 Fermentation in the manure acts upon the most volatile part, and 

 if it is put on as a top dressing after being exposed for five or six 

 wrecks, the loss is in proportion to the amount of fermentation and 

 the land suffers accordingly. Experts in the testing of soil have told 

 me that my soil is three inches deeper than my neighbors, the finest 

 soil they had ever examined, and that it had five million bacteria to 

 the 1-30 of a cubic inch, four times as many more than the best soil 



