350 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



DR. THAYER: 1 said tuiu it uuder in May. There is oue thing 

 we should be careful about. When you are turuiug uuder such a 

 mass of matter soon after the middle of May, you want to roll that 

 ground very thoroughly. There has been a great deal of fear that 

 that would soui' the soil. There is not any ground for fear on that 

 score, it is more dangerous to turn under a half developed crop 

 than a crop pretty well matured and up to blossoming. But roll 

 and compact your ground thoroughly, and I will guarantee there 

 will be no acid there to do damage. 



MR. BLYHOLDER: The next question is directed to Dr. Leonard 

 I'earson, State Veterinarian. It is: 



"What is the cause and the remedy for white scours or cholera in 

 newly dropped calves?" 



MR. GEORGE CAMPBELL: This disease is really known as 

 a blood poison of a rapid form that results from the affection 

 of the calf through the navel at the time it is born. One of the 

 symptoms of the disease is known as white scours. The prevention 

 of the disease depends upon the prevention of the infection. Now, 

 if a calf is born at a place where the organisms of disease do not 

 exist, the calf is not affected, and so we notice that calves born in 

 summer time are usually exempt from this disease. It is chiefly a 

 disease of the winter season when calves are born in infected 

 stables. Last winter I was consulted in reference to this matter in 

 a case where there had been considerable trouble from this cause. 

 There the successful treatment that v/as followed was to build a 

 separate calving stable, an outside building, to which the cows were 

 moved two or three weeks before calving, and were kept perfectly 

 clean and disinfected frequently and the calves remained exempt 

 froni this disease. In parts of Ireland this disease has been a 

 scourge. It has almost ruined the farmers of some large dairying 

 districts because they lost all their calves, and they found they 

 could prevent it by being very careful about the surroundings and 

 by disinfecting the navel of the calf by washing it off with a solu- 

 tion of carbolic acid or a like disinfectant solution, and after that 

 the navel is painted with iodine and covered with collodium in order 

 to protect it from germs, and in that way the disease is avoided. 



A Member: In our place we make it a point to raise all the calves 

 we can and we haTe had trouble with the white scours, and it is 

 conceded that they are caused as has just been stated. We turn 

 our cows into a box stall a week previous to their calving and 

 change a liberal bed every day. If our calves show any dispo- 

 sition to white scours we doctor thom at once. We have tried a 

 half dozen remedies. We have lost a good many calves, and I be- 

 lieve the loss of r-nlvos in the United States bv white scours is 



