No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 399 



Ihev come into contact. The chewing insects are kiUed by takini? 

 into their stomachs the poisonous remedies that are applied to the 

 plants. For example, I receiA'^ed a branch of a cherry tree with the 

 leaves all curled up by the cherry Aphis. It would be absolutely 

 impossible to kill these insects now with contact applications, but 

 had the applications been made at the right time before these in- 

 sects had caused the leaves to roll and twist into protecting shields, 

 then their bodies could have been rearhed and they would have been 

 killed. The plant lice are the cause of the leaves thus rolling and 

 twisting. Thy are bad in some parts of the State. After they are 

 in the curl of the leaf there is nothing to do but to cut olf the 

 branches alfected. When inside a curled leaf you cannot reach 

 them. The remedies must be applied before the leaves curl — just 

 about the time the buds are bursting, especially for the apple Aphis. 

 A man in Crawford countv WTote to me before the buds burst and 

 sent me some apple buds, and I found that they were infested with 

 the Aphis. I told him to make the application of whale oil soap, 

 or kerosene mixture or emulsion as soon as the first green leaves 

 began to appear. He did so, and wrote me later that he had de- 

 stroyed all the pests. 



Now, ladies and gentlemen, we have heard a great deal about kero- 

 sene emulsion. I have this apjiaratus here to show you something 

 that has taken its place. We regard the emulsion as difficult to 

 make and unpleasant to apply, and for this reason I could print in 

 these monthly bulletins "use kerosene emulsion," month after 

 month, and the people would not do it. Now, the substance as a 

 contact application that is taking its place is a mixtfire of kerosene 

 and water. The object in making kerosene emulsion is that the 

 oil will be in fine particles and will be diluted by water. You cannot 

 apply kerosene stronger than 20 per cent, without injuring foliage, 

 and that is too strong for peach and cherry and the American and 

 Japanese plums. Now, taking the place of the kerosene emulsion 

 and water mixture that is made by some apparatus of the kind, I 

 have here. Into this tank the kerosene is placed. (Indicating.) 

 Here is an index showing the percentage of kerosene in proportion 

 to the water. This tank is then placed in a vessel of water and 

 we set the index at the percentage of oil desired. About 15 per 

 cent, is generally used. I will spray a little of this out of the 

 window. 



I have here an appliance that I have arranged that is convenient. 

 There are two kinds of nozzles here used; the one is the Bordeaux; 

 the other is the Deming-Vermorel nozzle. This attachment is for 

 spraying the underside of leaves of vines, such as cucumber, melon 

 and the like. You will notice quite a difference in the kind of s])ray 

 thrown by these two; one goes as a genuine spray or mist, like fog; 



