464 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



will eradicate the scale, if such a thing be possible, and do much less 

 injury to the tree than crude petroleum. This is the remedy we use: 

 Ten pounds of sulphur; ten pounds of quick lime; ten pounds of salt. 

 Boil together for two hours, and then put into a cask and add 

 enough boiling water to make fifty gallons. 



There is an insect that is more or less injurious to us just now, 

 and that is the aphis or green louse. I think the question was 

 asked Professor Surface yesterday, and I think he forgot one thing 

 I regard as important. I am satisfied that he knows this, because 

 the man who knows more about bugs in P.ennsylvania don't exist. 

 The aphis or green louse can be killed without any injury to the 

 foliage at all without much trouble. Take one-fourth pound of 

 epsom salts, dissolve it in one gallon of water and apply with an 

 ordinary spra}' pump, a broom or sprinkling can. Professor Sur- 

 face told you yesterday that once the aphis has gone on so long 

 that it has curled itself into the leaf you cannot reach it with any- 

 thing. 



Taking into consideration the scale, and the numerous insect 

 pests with which we have to contend, I believe that in the future the 

 markets of the w^orld will be dependent upon the commercial fruit 

 growler, w^ho devotes his time, his brain, and his muscle to his busi- 

 ness for their supply of fruit; yet I see no good reason why every 

 farmer and every man, who owns land, should not be able to pro- 

 duce enough fruit of almost everv kind for the use of himself and 

 familv, and some to sell. 



The location of the orchard is important, in a measure, and it is 

 very hard to give exact direction as to where it should be planted 

 to bring the best results; thf' general principles, however, that 

 should be followed are established by experience. There are a num- 

 ber of points to be considered in the selection of your location, which 

 will apply to all fruits. All fruit trees require a deep soil, and a 

 sub-soil which has complete drainage. The most important thing 

 then to be considered is an open sub-soil that will allow complete 

 drainage. 



Opinions differ very much as to exposure. For my part I do 

 not believe there is much difference in this particular; of course, if 

 we had the making of our farm we might change the lay of the land 

 which we intended for the orchard somewhat. A northern exposure 

 is certainly preferable, if there is any difference, for the reason that 

 tlic buds are kept back later in the spring, and are not so liable to 

 be frozen. Most people make the mistake of planting too many 

 varieties, as I said in the beginning; plant the tree that your neigh- 

 bor has succeeded with, has made money out of, the man who has 

 the same soil practically that you have, the samevClimate, etc., fol- 

 low him, plant the same varieties, and leave experimental fruit 



