SOUTH CAROLINA. 197 



the female plants and that they also appeared to be more rust re- 

 sistant. A new variety of okra, developed by the department, was 

 disseminated throughout the State. The horticultural work also 

 included experiments with apples, peaches, and a great variety of 

 vegetables. 



The entomologist pursued considerable cooperative experimental 

 field work which was in part supported by State funds. This work 

 included studies of the cotton and corn-root louse {Aphis maidi- 

 radicis), together with several undetermined species, the black-corn 

 billbug {Sphenophonis mmdis), another species of billbug (S. 

 callosus), and two troublesome shade-tree insects, the cottony maple 

 scale (Pidvinaria innumerdbilis) and the gloomy scale {Chrysom- 

 phalus tenehricosus) . Cooperative spraying experiments were car- 

 ried on to determine the amount of spray material necessary and the 

 cost of operation with various commercial lime-sulphur washes as 

 winter sprays and with different brands of arsenate of lead as summer 

 sprays. Some attention is also given to the purple scale {Lep'ido- 

 mphes heckii) , an insect attacking the fig in the State, and to an ex- 

 periment for controlling crawfish in springs where they interfered 

 with the successful use of the hydraulic ram. 



The chemist obtained valuable data with regard to the use of dif- 

 ferent forms of nitrogenous manures and studied the influence of 

 soil types on the formation of sugars, the work being done with sweet 

 potatoes, and a preliminary report published in Bulletin 15G of 

 the station. Sandy soils appeared to be associated with a higher 

 sucrose content. Miscellaneous work of the chemist included a study 

 of some of the sandy soils of the State. 



At the Coast substation, near Summerville, the drainage of more 

 than 100 acres was completed during the year and most of the tract 

 was under cultivation, the principal crops being oats, corn, and 

 cotton. Observations were also made on marling the soil at the rate 

 of 1 ton per acre and on deep plowing. In addition to the staple 

 crops mentioned some experimental work was begun to test other 

 crops and to study distance and depth of planting, depth of plowing, 

 the use of fertilizers, and other methods in connection with field-crop 

 culture. Experiments with forage plants, vegetables, and other 

 horticultural crops were inaugurated and many of the experiments 

 at Clemson were duplicated at the Coast substation. 



The publications received from this station during the year w^ere 

 as follows: Bulletins 151, Soils and Fertilizers; 152, Hog Cholera 

 and the Serum Method of Treatment; 153, Notes on Varieties of 

 Tomatoes; 154, Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers; 155, Corn and 

 Cotton AVireworm ; 156, The Formation of Sugars and Starch in the 

 Sweet Potato ; and the Annual Report for 1910. 



