202 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



who made a special study of American trees, in "Histoire des Arbres 

 Forestiers" in 1813, and in his "North American Sylva", which was first 

 published in 1819, and in the later editions in 1842 and 1853, and later 

 (1857). In both works and all editions, one of the poplars (Populus an- 

 gulata), is described under the English name "Carolina Poplar", and it 

 agrees in every respect with the tree we are now considering. 



Decaisne and Naudin, also Frenchmen, in their "Manuel de I'Amateur 

 des Jardins" (1866) describes Populus augulata, naming it the Carolina 

 Poplar ("peuplier de la Caroline"). 



In Hemsley's "Handbook of Hardy Trees, Shrubs and Herbaceous- 

 Plants" (published in England in 1877) the name Carolina Poplar is- 

 applied to Populus angulata. 



In the "Dendrologie," of Koch, an eminent German dendrologist, 

 published in 1872, Populus angulata is called the "Carolinische Pappal" 

 (Carolina Poplar), and this name is applied also to the variety serotina,. 

 which is known in the staminate form only. 



« 



In Koehne's "Deutsche Dendrologie" (1893) the work of another 

 competent dendrologist, Populus angulata is called the "Karolinische 

 Pappel" (Carolina Poplar), including also the variety serotiua. 



Bailey in his "Cyclopedia of Amercian Horticulture," Vol. Ill, 1901^ 

 discusses the matter as follows: Populus deltoides var. carolinensis» 

 Carolina Poplar. A very distinct tree in habit of growth, making a 

 straight, upright or pyramidad head; leaves usually less distinctly deltoid, 

 and more gradually taper pointed than Populus deltoides. Native. The 

 Carolina Poplar is much planted, and nurseymen consider it to be distinct 

 from the Cottonwood. It differs in strict, straight appearance, and it is 

 a most vigorous grower. It is much planted in Europe, where it is 

 known as the Swiss Poplar. Its botanical position needs to be investi- 

 gated." 



In Bailey's discussion, it must be remembered that when he speaks 

 of the "Cottonwood" he is thinking of the eastern species, which differs 

 from the Cottonwood of the Missouri Valley in sufficient degree to warrant 

 their separation as distinct species. The Carolina Poplar does not 

 resemble our western Cottonwood, but it does resemble the eastern 

 species. 



What Name Shall Wc Use. 



From the foregoing it would seem very clear that the Carolina Poplar 

 is to be called Populus aiigulata, and this was the practice of American 

 botanists until about thirty years ago when Dr. Watson first suggested 

 that the name might have to be dropped. Thus Michaux, Willdenow, 

 Pursh, Eaton, Elliott, Gray, Wood, Wesmeal and Vasey all used the 

 name Populus augulata. Latterly this species has generally been merged 

 with the Eastern Cottonwood, but as shown above this is no doubt an 

 error. 



