06 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



two supplementary arsenical sprays made about nine and eleven weeks 

 after the petals have fallen and before the second lot of eggs hatch. 



In some parts of this country in some years, notably in parts of 

 Michigan and New York, in 1892 and 1893 the destruction of fruit by the 

 apple scab was complete, and the foliage was so injured that the orchard 

 presented a fire-swept appearance and the following years was seriously 

 injured. Some varieties of the apple are much more susceptible to the 

 attacks of scabs than others, and the scab is much more prevalent some 

 years than others. Cold wet weather is necessary for good development 

 of the scab fungus, the spores of which come in the spring from the dead 

 leaves of the previous season. The fungus attacks the leaves and fruit 

 early in the season and in treating susceptible varieties and application 

 of Bordeaux mixture should be made as soon as the cluster buds begin 

 to separate. Subsequent application of the fungicide at intervals of two 

 or three weeks will effectively control the scab even when the conditions 

 are unusually favorable for its development. The scab, while not so uni- 

 formly present in Nebraska as is the codling moth, is responsible in many 

 years for immense losses to the apple grower. 



The Bordeaux mixture our best fungicide and the remedy commonly 

 used to control the apple scab is a preparation made I*)! mixing lime 

 water and a solution of blue stone. The amounts of lime and blue stone 

 used vary from five pounds each to fifty gallons of water. The fungicidal 

 properties of the Bordeaux mixture are due solely to the blue stone, the 

 lime being used to prevent injury to th fruit and foliage from the blue 

 stone, and to give adhesive qualities to the mixture. When the Bordeaux 

 mixture is to be made in any considerable quantity it is desirable to have 

 stock solutions which can be made as follows: 



Start the day before you plan to spray, hang fifty pounds of blue 

 stone in a sack or basket near the top of a fifty gallon barrel full of 

 water. By the following morning this blue stone will be dissolved and 

 you will have a blue stone stock solution containing one pound of blue 

 stone to each gallon of the solution. Now slack fifty pounds of good stone 

 lime in another fifty gallon barrel, stirring the lime constantly and using 

 just water enough to keep the lime from burning. As soon as the lime 

 has slacked fill the barrel with water. You will now have a stock solution 

 of lime of the same strength as the blue stone stock solution. Bordeaux 

 mixture is made by diluting the required amount of each stock solution 

 to half the capacity of the spray tank and then turning these diluted solu- 

 tions together into the tank. If the Bordeaux mixture has been properly 

 made of good material it should have a deep sky blue color. 



The question of poisons is one of importance and both arsenate of 

 lead and Paris Green have their advocates. Paris Green is the cheaper, 

 has fungicidal properties, but is apt to burn the foliage and requires 

 much agitation of the mixture to keep the poison in suspension. Arsenate 

 of Lead is possibly a more effective insecticide, sticks to the foliage better, 

 remains in suspension longer but is considerably more expensive than 



