76 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



to the codling moth, in Nebraska in point of injury to apples, and are 

 more injurious to peaches and plums than any other pest attacking these 

 fruits in this state. Several cases of serious injury to peaches, especially 

 in eastern Nebraska, and to plums throughout the state by curculio 

 attack have been reported to this office. The larva of this curculio we 

 have found badly affecting cherries in several instances, one orchard 

 near Florence being greatly damaged each year by this insect, and 

 an undetermined larva, probably of this species, was reported as injuring 

 apricots near Lincoln. During 1909 the wild plums in several localities 

 in northern and western Nebraska were injured by the plum gouger 

 (Coccotorus prunicida), but there were no reports of very serious damage 

 by this insect. The Entomologist also found the beetle Authouomus 

 helvolns with its beak embedded in young apple fruit at Lincoln, June 

 15, 1908, exactly in the manner of- its relative, the apple curculio; we 

 belicA^e this is the first record of this snout beetle attacking the fruit 

 of the apple. 



The leaf crumpler (Mineoea iadiginella), the life-history of which 

 was fully given in the previous report, continued its characteristic in- 

 juries through both the seasons of 1908 and 1909. The same areas which 

 were noted as particularly infested in the former report have continued 

 to provide the majority of complaints of this insect during the biennium 

 herein covered. In the vicinity of Hartington and Tilden in Cedar and 

 Madison counties, about Broken Bow and Mason City in Custer county, 

 Eustis in Frontier county and Miller in Buffalo county, this insect has 

 continued very commonly, and additional regions of infestation have 

 appeared about Trenton in Hitchcock county and Anoka in Holt county. 

 In all these cases while the apple is most frequently attacked, cherries 

 and plums are also frequently infested, and the injuries are often of a 

 serious nature, especially on young trees. Either this insect may be 

 occasionly double brooded or else the single brood in extended over an 

 unusually long period since material collected in northern Nebraska 

 August 11, 1909, while showing a great majority of empty pupal skins 

 also had living pupae, the moths of which emerged toward the middle of 

 the month. These pupae also proved to be rather heavily parasitized, the 

 pupa containing from two to four of the parasites which were in the 

 pupal stage when the material was collected August 11, but which 

 commenced issuing as adults the folowing day. The accompanjang plate 

 (Plate 1) illustrates the nest, pupa, moth and parasite of this species. 



