268 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



shot-bole fungus, and resulted in a large number of little boles in the 

 leaves. I think the best thing to do is to plant varieties that will best 

 resist this trouble. I believe the time is coming when we will be able 

 to cope with these diseases and have a good deal less trouble and not 

 so much loss. Another thing that we must pay particular attention to 

 is the subject of cultivation. We do not want any weeds in the orchard. 

 We should cultivate as much as possible and in that way do away with 

 all the evaporation that we can. Thorough cultivation is one of the best 

 preventatives, because it stops the evaporation. 



No. 2. Which is the best single variety of each of the following 

 Paeonies: White, early; White, late; Red, early; Red, late — not of the 

 fancy kinds, but of the more common ones? 



Mr. Harrison: The best early White is Festiva ]\Iaxima. The best 

 late White is Mons duPont. There are several others that are good,, 

 but these are the two best White ones. The earliest Red one that is good 

 is Agida, and the best late Red variety is La Sublime. One, of the highest 

 priced varieties of all and also one of the best varietiees is Rosenfield. 

 This is probably the best in a list of seven hundred different varieties. 

 The best late Red variety is Ville deNance. 



Question: Would you consider the Festina Mainna better than 

 the Victoria? 



Mr. Harrison: Yes, it is certainly better with me than the 

 Victoria. 



No. 3. What shall I do for borers in a fifteen acre peach orchard? 



Mr. Russell: It depends upon the age of the orchard to a large 

 extent. It is in the case of a younger orchard that the most trouble is 

 experienced with borers. We have had this to contend with to a certain 

 extent in our orchards and we have found that the best practical way 

 to get at this is to simply go after each tree. The borers are usually 

 found about two to four inches under the surface of the ground, and 

 about the only way to do is to go after each tree and dig them out. 



No. 4. What shall we do to protect our fruit growers from the dis- 

 honest commission men? 



:\Ir. Christy: The plan I adopted was to be my own commission man. 

 I never sent a bushel of apples or peaches or fruit of any kind to the 

 commission men, and I know if the rest of the people would adopt this 

 same plan we would not have any trouble about having the prices of 

 fruit reduced. My plan is to have the fruit well graded, put up in the 

 best kinds of packages that look attractive, and in this way you will 

 not have any trouble in finding a good market for your fruit. That is 

 the best way that I know of to eliminate the commission man. 



No. 5. What are the best methods of renovating our orchards? 



Mr. Stephens: Some years ago a number of our older orchards were 

 run down a good deal, and a neglected orchard is certainly bad. I think 

 the best way to take care of an orchard is to do spraying at the right time,. 



