REPORT OP THE ENTOMOLOGIST 109 



into tiny whitish grubs which start the excavation of side galleries at 

 right angles to the principal gallary formed by the parent. These lateral 

 galleries Increasing in bore with the growth of the larvae, and about 

 eighty of them are produced by the progeny of each female. In about 

 twenty days the young larvae have reached maturity, and form in the 

 wood at the end of the gallery an oval chamber and there go into the 

 pupal stage. A week or ten days later the beetles burrow out directly 

 through the bark forming one of the "shot holes" previously mentioned. 

 The development of the brood therefore requires from four to six weeks. 

 Two or possibly three of such broods are produced annually, the insect 

 remaining over winter within its chamber under the bark in the beetle, 

 larva or egg stage. 



Because of the fact that this insect continues breeding through the 

 entire season, that it occurs over all portions of the tree and that it is 

 exceedingly abundant, the use of such preventives as mentioned for the 

 peach-tree borer lose much of their value when applied against this 

 species. Wrappings of paper about the trunk and limbs will of course, 

 prevent the insect burrowing in at these points while the application 

 of different deterrent washes also in a measure protects the treated 

 portions of the tree. Soft soap dissolved in water and soda until of the 

 consistency of paint, or soft soap mixed with crude carbolic acid in water 

 at the rate of one gallon of soap to one pint of acid in eight gallons of 

 water should be applied thoroughly with a brush, and as much of the 

 tree as possible should be covered with it. For effective protection 

 it must be periodically renewed, the first application being made with 

 the^first warm days of spring. Moreover, these applications will not 

 prevent injury to the twigs and the smaller branches. 



But after all, the principal means against this insect is the practice 

 of clean culture. Allowing pruned branches and brush wood to accum- 

 ulate about the orchards or allowing infested trees which are dying from 

 attack to remain in the orchard, serve to form an abundance of choice 

 breeding material and prove centers of infestation for the other trees. 

 Trees only slightly attacked should be protected from further injury by 

 the means above described but trees dying from the attack of this or 

 other insects or any disease should be cut out and burned at once. This 

 will discourage the pest by creating a dearth of food material and forc- 

 ing it to attack healthy trees, which as we have seen, it prefers not to 

 do. By keeping the trees in the best possible condition they will tlien 

 be enabled to withstand this comparatively light attack, especially where 

 the affected trees are protected by the above mentioned washes. 



The Grape-berry Moth— (Eudemis botrana Schiff). 



The grape-berry moth is an insect which has been imported into 

 America from southern Europe, and at the present time occurs over most 

 of the United States where grapes are grown to any extent. Here in 

 Nebraska it has become seriously injurious only within recent years. 

 Injury by this insect is noticeable when the grapes berries begin to 



