112 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



II, p. 147) placed it in the genus Dorcbascliema. The genus includes two 

 other species: wildii, Uhler (1855) known from Maine, Pennsylvania,. 

 Ohio and Tadiaan, and nigrum, Say (1827) which ranges from Massachu- 

 setts, New Jersey and Virginia west to Illinois, north to Canada and 

 south to Louisiana. D. nigrum breeds in hickory; D. alternatum and 

 D. wildii breed in mulberry and osage orange. D. alternatum is known 

 to occur in New York, New Jersey, Pennslyvania, Maryland, the Carolinas, 

 Ohio, Illinois, Nebraska, Kansas and Texas. 



This is not the first record of the serious abundance of this insect. 

 P. Laurent, in 1898, recorded both wildii and alternatum as injuring osage 

 orange (Ent. News, pp. 33-34), and E. A. Popenoe recorded both these 

 species as injurious in Kansas the same year (Trans. Kans. State Hort. 

 Soc, pp. 40-46). We shall examine for more cases of injury by this 

 insect and if we find it serious will complete our studies of its life- 

 history. 



The Pine-tip Moth — (Evetria frustrana). 



Complaints of injury to the young tips of the young jack and scotch 

 pines on the Forest Resei've near Halsey, Nebraska, received from the 

 supervisor of the reserve instigated an investigation by the writer on 

 July 10. The infested trees were carefully examined and it was found 

 that about thirty-five per cent of the new tips were affected by this insect 

 and practically all of them dead and brown. The affected trees were in 

 the older grove just south of the reserve buildings, where the jack pines 

 were abput six feet high and all the smaller scotch pines were scattered 

 among them. Both species of pine were apparently equally affected by 

 the insects. 



The injury first became manifest to the supervisor on the last day 

 of June, when the excessive exudations of resin and rapidly browning 

 needles of the tips of the shoots became rather conspicuous. Later these 

 dead needles dropped. The larvae causing the damage would burrow in 

 the stems for one to three inches, usually pupating near the tip and 

 later emerging therefrom, after the pupa had partly pushed its way out. 

 Sometimes, however, the point of attack was located an inch or two 

 below the tip in which case the tip became brown and curled and the 

 moth emerged from the sides. On Plate 13 this moth and Its injuries 

 are illustrated. 



On July 12 most of the moths emerged from the tips and were 

 flying about among the pines. Several would often be found in a single 

 tree near the tips of the branches. Opening a number of the tips re- 

 vealed the fact that the occupants were mostly gone, as the shed pupal 

 ekins were very abundant and the living pupae and moths comparatively 

 few. 



At the time of this examination specimens of a small black ichneumon 

 were observed bitting among the trees and in order to determine the 

 extent to the parasitism a number of affected twigs were collected and 

 placed in breeding jars. The affected twigs of jack pine (Finns diraricata) 



