EVERBEARING STRAWBERRIES. 233 



of three pounds to fifty gallons of regular 5-5-50 formula bordeaux 

 mixture. By using bordeaux instead of water the same application 

 fights the fungous diseases of the grape as well as the root worm 

 beetles. Applications may be made with a gasoline engine sprayer 

 in large vineyards, or with hand power sprayers in small ones, main- 

 taining a pressure of not less than 100 pounds and applying at least 

 IGO gallons of spray to the acre as a mist spray. Nozzles of the 

 "Vermoral or Cyclone types should be used. If the vineyard is a large 

 one a gasoline engine spraying outfit specially adapted for vineyard 

 work by an arrangement of fixed nozzels, three on each side, the 

 upper pair reaching out over the top of the row and throwing a 

 downward spray and the two side pairs throwing sprays on the side 

 of the vine, is the most satisfactory. With this arrangement from 

 eight to ten acres a day can be sprayed. About a week or ten days 

 after the first application — a second spraying should be given the 

 vineyard to cover the new foliage and to destroy the beetles which 

 had not emerged at the time of the first application. The second 

 application should not be made later than the middle of July, so 

 that there may be no danger of staining the fruit or of poisoning 

 the fruit, although there is little or no real danger to persons in 

 connection with the latter contingency. 



When replanting of an old vineyard is found necessary, some 

 immune crop should be grown on this ground for at least one season, 

 in order that the grape root worms in the soil may be allowed to 

 emerge or caused to starve before the young vines are planted. Other- 

 wise, with the soil heavily infested with these larvae, serious injury 

 to the young vines may result by their attack on the roots ana ibo 

 subsequent attack of the beetles on the leaves. If numbers of the 

 beetles appear on the young plants anyway, the plants should be 

 given a thorough spraying with arsenate of lead at the rate of three 

 pounds to fifty gallons of water. As a rule permanent and serious 

 infection of a vineyard does not take place until the third season 

 of its growth, and it is during the next few years that especial care 

 should be taken to keep the root worms in check by spraying and 

 cultivation. When old bearing vineyards have been badly injured 

 by this insect, the seriously affected vines may sometimes be helped 

 by cutting them back to the ground so that the whole vitality of the 

 plant may be centered in the renewal of vegetative growth. A 

 heavy application of barnyard manure or a highly nitrogenous com- 

 mercial fertilizer should be made and the vines protected by thorough 

 cultivation and spraying at the proper time. 



EVEIiBEAjiING STRAWBERRIES 



G. S. Christy, Johnson. 



Several years ago I forced Dunlaps, Bederwood, and Warflelds to 

 bear fall crops of berries. While this required some special work the 



