SPRAYING THE APPLE AND RESULTS OBTAINED IN 1913 51 



on express shipments. Now when we have grapes or something like 

 that to ship, we generally ship in car loads. We do not have as a 

 rule any shipped except in car load lots. Local shipments are mostly 

 unsatisfactory. From the time they are handled by the express com- 

 pany and if they have to go any distance, they are all badly abused 

 find you have claims and rebates and kicks and everything and 

 they, — after they go into a car and are properly packed in the car 

 the system of refrigeration they have now. Is so good, you can ship 

 them to almost any point and they will arrive all right at their desti- 

 nation. 



Mr. Barnard: The next address will be by Prof. J. R. Cooper, 

 upon the subject, of "Spraying the Apple and Results obtained in 

 1913." 



SPRAYING THE APPLE AND RESULTS OP,TAINED IN 1913. 

 By Prof. J. R. Cooper, Lincoln, Nebr. 



The results of the spraying experiments carried on by the Experi- 

 ment Station during the season of 1913 have been very unsatis- 

 factory, taken as a whole, although a great deal of valuable data 

 has been secured from which a number of conclusions may be 

 drawn. It must be remembered, however, that conclusions based on 

 one year's work are not always to be relied upon, especially when the 

 reason is the one just past. Unless a number of duplications are 

 made. Therefor only when the same experiinents have been carried 

 on in a number of places during the past season will they be 

 mentioned or any conclusions offered. 



In order to duplicate experiments, as much as possible, and in 

 order to note the effects of different soils on other conditions as 

 well as varying amounts of soil moisture, orchards were secured 

 in various parts of the state. This wide range of territory proved 

 our undoing in many ways. Although the concentration of our 

 spray mixtures was kept constant and the pressure under which it 

 was delivered, was uniform, there was a wide difference in the 

 amount of spray burn at the various stations. Due to the extreme 

 drought in some localities, and an almost ample amount of rainfall 

 in others. The difference in the amount of fungus disease present 

 at these different places due to the same causes, was so 

 great in some instances as to make the same treatments in different 

 localities uncomparable. 



Certain combinations of sprays which proved most satisfactory 

 under extremely dry conditions proved quite the reverse where the 

 ■weather conditions were more favorable to the production of large 

 crops. 



In the orchard at Wymore where the entire season, after the 

 date of the second spray, was hot and dry, bordeaux mixture gave 

 better results for the latter sprayings than lime sulphur solution. 



