54 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



fruit and the amount of spray injury. Tlie older and more mature 

 the fruit, the less liability to bordeaux injury. 



Penetration vs. Mist. 



In the penetration system the mixture is delivered in rather 

 course drops, under high pressure from the bordeaux type of nozzle. 

 When the penetration system was compared with the mist spray for 

 the second or petal-fall spray only, a difference of 9 per cent less 

 codling moth infestation was found in the penetration block. 



At each of three different stations in the state, one block was 

 sprayed, using a mist spray for the first, third and fourth applications 

 and the penetration spray for the second. Compared to this in each 

 case was a block on which the penetration frystem was used on every 

 application. The average results were as follows: 



Penetration System. 



Coddling Moth. Curculic Scab Spray Inj. Sound Fr.iit 



12 p. c. .33 p. c. .05 p. c. 33.73 p. c. 63.47 p. c. 



Mist sprays for the first, third and fourth with penetration spray 

 at petal-fall. 

 Coddling Moth Curculic Scab Spray Inj. Sound Fruit 



13.6 .02 . .62 4.4'^ 81.23 



Efficiency of Eacli Spray for the Control of Insects. 



The first, or cluster cup spray controls four per cent codling 

 moth, and two per cent curculio: 



The second or petal-fall spray controlled 83 per cent codling 

 moth, and 4 5 per cent curculio. 



The third spray controlled 8 per cent codling moth and 15 per 

 cent curculio. 



The fourth spray controlled 12 per cent codling moth. 



These percentages total over 100 per cent, but are calculated 

 on the results of a single lead application. With fungicide, at the 

 stated time period. The figures are based on the results of the un- 

 sprayed blocks, in which 84.82 per cent of the apples show codling 

 moth injury, and 2.92 per cent curculic injury. 



Time of Application. 



The best time for the application of the first spray as indicated 

 by results, is just as the buds in the cluster are beginning to 

 separate; for the second spray, when three fourths of all of the petals 

 have fallen; for the third spray, three to four weeks after the 

 second or if apple blotch is present, four to five weeks after the 

 second or petal-fall spray, or it may be applied three weeks 



