78 NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



apple touches four other apples in the same layer, except at the 

 aides and ends, which touch only three and two respectively. The 

 straight pack is very neat in appearance, but it is 'rather severe ^n 

 the fruit, as each apple tends to be pressed firmly against surrounding 

 apples, rather than into the spaces. They .also press directly on 

 the apples in the lower layers. We found the apples in the straight 

 pack, as v.'tll as in the others, placed in various ways. Some pack 

 the apple on the side, others pack with stems up; while some have 

 the calyx up. 



The best packs, however, should always have the bottom and 

 top layers with stems outwards. In this way, the apples do not 

 tend to bruise as badly and if they do bruise, are not so badly dis- 

 figured for sale at the fruit stands, where they are generally displayed 

 Avith the calyx end up. The four tier is made up of four rows across 

 and four rows deep, in which style we have 128, (8 tiers long), 112, (7 

 tiers long) and 9 6, (6 tiers long). 



The five tier consists of five rows each way, 8 tiers long, used 

 for 200 pack. 



In the diagonal pack, the apples are placed so that the rows, 

 run diagonally with the sides and bottoms of the box. This style 

 should always be used, when possible, as the weight of the apple, 

 is not borne wholly by the apple beneath, and the apples accommodate 

 themselves more readily to the spaces. 



These styles of packs meet every need of the fruit packer, and 

 Loth styles are described, though wherever possible, we should do 

 our packing with as few packs as we can. 



Methods of Packing. 



After lining the box, the head should be reinforced by means of 

 a corrugated cushion. This prevnts chafing of the apples in pressing, 

 and nailing and also excludes dust. These cushions should be used 

 In all casoo where the fruit is to be shipped a long distance. 



The use of individual wrappers also depends on the distance 

 of shipping. For local markets, apples may be packed unwrapped, 

 but all shipping apples should be wrapped, the layers on the top and 

 bottom boing wrapped in papers bearing the name and address or 

 the grower. This printing should be small and compact, so that 

 the whole stamp will show. 



I will describe in detail the method of packing the three by two 

 style of diagonal methods of packing, or diagonal pack. An apple 

 is placed at each corner of one end of the box, and another midway 

 between them. In this way, the apples form a broken row across the 

 box, with spaces, — two spaces between them. Neither of these spaces 

 is wide enough to permit an apple of the size that is being packed to 

 slip in between them. They are however, wide enough to allow the 



