CONSERVING MOISTURE IN NEBRASKA ORCHARDS 85 



$100 depending on the size. They can be utilized to preserve the 

 over-supply at the time of maturity and which cannot be sold in a 

 fresh state. 



Few people realize how easy it is to can this material and what 

 profits are obtained when this canned fruit is placed on the market, 

 in a season after the fresh supply is exhausted. 



It has been proven by experiment that exceptional perfumes and 

 •jseful odors that are considered as being obtained from well-scented 

 flowers are made from rotten fruit. The oils coming from waste 

 fruit such as decayed pears, grapes and peaches can be substituted for 

 Bome of the most costly floral odors after being treated with acids and 

 other liquids which give a remarkable fragrance. 



Summing up, I wish to still emphasize the great Importance of 

 by-products in horticulture and urge the orchardist and gardner to 

 look about him and make use of the waste products in order to increase 

 his profits and produce a commodity that will be of value to the com- 

 munity. 



I thank you. 



The Chairman: This paper Is open for discussion. 



No discussion. 



The Chairman: If there Is no question upon this paper we will 

 take up the next subject, "Conserving Moisture in Nebraska Orchards," 

 by E. M. Pollard, Nehawka, Nebraska. 



"CONSERVING MOTSTUIIE IN NEBRASKA ORCHARDS" 



By E. M. Pollard, of Nehawka. 



Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: The question of the- con- 

 servation of the moisture in our orchards is a very important one. I 

 think perhaps there are two phases of the question that might be 

 treated, which are very different in their scope. The first might be 

 termed the proper tilling methods for a young orchard before it 

 come into bearing. Second, the method of tillage that will not only 

 conserve moisture for the use of the tree, but that will bring the 

 tree into bearing at the proper time. The first part of the subject 

 I ha^e discussed, at former meetings of this society, so I will not 

 give that any attention. I will confine my discussion this afternoon 

 to that branch of the subject which relates to the bearing orchard; 

 what cultural methods should be given a bearing orchard to get the 

 best results in fruit. We have just passed through one of the most 

 trying years, I think, in the experience of the oldest apple grower in 

 Nebraska. 1 believe that a discussion at this time of this subject 

 might be of value. It is in years like this, that proper tillage meth- 

 ods count. When we have a normal season with a normal amount of 

 rain fall, it is not so important how you take care of your orchard. 

 Whether you practice intensive cultivation or permit the grass to 



