402 HKroliT OF OFFK'K <>K F.X I'llRLMKNT STATIONS. 



or iiiovo. Deatli usually occurs (In'oui^'li ctrusioii of tlic hlood scrum 

 into tlu> :il)(loiniual anil lun<; cavities. This is followed l»v the forma- 

 tioiiof (Irojrsical swellinj^s alonj:;' tlie under side of the body, extending 

 forward to tiie neck an<l throat, at which time the animal visually dies 

 from sutVocation. A mnn])er of post-mortcnjs were made and notes 

 were taken in regard to the symptoms. In every case wlicre the car- 

 casses of cattle whicli had di(>d were examined, enormous mimliers of 

 the flukeworni were found in the livei- and hilc ducts and in the i^all 

 bladder. The blood })Ccomes almost entirely free from red corpuscles, 

 and the animal dies l)ecause of the di'opsical condition which ensues. 

 As the liver tluke, to coiin)lete its round of existence, nmst pass a por- 

 tion of its life in the body of the snail, the drainajic of marshes and 

 water holes, where the rank A'eoctation liarbors the snails, will prevent 

 the infection of stock. LiAcr iluke is worse in the windward districts, 

 where the rainfall is high, and also in the upper mountain pastures. 

 Cattle which are confined throughout their life to pastures on the drier 

 portions of the islands are seldom infected Avith liver tluke. The 

 remedy in all cases is to see that an abundance of fresh water is sup- 

 plied the cattle so that the}' will not be under the necessity to frequent 

 the stagnant water holes w'hich supply the source of infection. 



TOBACCO. 



A small amount of Sumatra tobacco was grown under cloth at the 

 experiment station during the spring of 1903. While the crop was 

 not of the best, because of the soil not being suited to this tVpe of 

 tobacco, the results obtained were so promising that a more extended 

 experiment will be conducted during the next year. Up to this time 

 the Hawaiian Islands have been almost absolutely dependent upon 

 a single crop, the cultivation of sugar cane. A number of causes 

 have contributed to the decrease in the amount of profits from sugar. 

 Because of this, and also because of the necessitj^ of having more than 

 one industr}' on a paying basis in this countr}', it has been considered 

 advisable to do all in our power to further the establishment of new 

 agricultural industries. A cursor}^ examination of tlie islands, and 

 especially of certain districts on Maui and Hawaii, lead me to believe 

 that there are considerable bodies of land well adapted to the cultiva- 

 tion of tobacco. A more extended survey of this district will be made 

 during the next fiscal 3'ear, and, if possible, a cooperative experiment 

 in tobacco culture will be arranged under the direction of the tobacco 

 experts of the Bureau of Soils. 



VANILLA. 



The vanilla bean is a cured fruit of the vine belonging to the orchid 

 family. This plant is a native of Mexico, and the world supply of 

 vanilla comes from Mexico and from the tropical and subtropical 



