RECENT AMERICAN WORK ON FEEDING STUFFvS. 515 



in a oonsideniole mea.sure to the groat development of the cereal 

 breakfast-food industry, a.s very many of these materials are by- 

 products from the breakfast- food factories, and consist of shrunken 

 or damaged grain, residues of the manufactured products and similar 

 materials, often mixed with some standard concentrated feed, such as 

 gluten meal. 



A few anal3'ses have been reported of materials seldom used as feed- 

 ing stuffs, at least in the United States, including saltbushes, almond 

 hulls, olive pomace, Russian thistles, corn silk, leaves of several vai'ie- 

 ties of oak and of poison oak, etc. No complete compilation of analyses 

 of American feeding stuff's has been made in recent years, although a 

 fairly complete summary <* of earlier analyses was issued some years 

 ago. Several of the State experiment stations, following a common 

 custom, have published more or less extended compilations within the 

 last three years. Of these the bulletin b}' J. T. Willard'' published 

 by the Kansas Station, entitled "The Exact Calculations of Balanced 

 Rations," should be mentioned, since the feeding value of the different 

 materials is summarized in a somewhat unusual way. According to 

 the author, ''the bulletin maintains and the method of calculation is 

 based upon the fact that, reduced to a final analysis, the balancing of 

 a ration consists in balancing the feeds used in it two by two. In this 

 pairing any of the feeds may be used more than once, and the several 

 quantities of a feed so used are finalh'^ added together to obtain the 

 total sum. Recognition of the compound nature of this sum is essential 

 to an understanding of the theory of the balancing of rations." The 

 method of calculating* balanced rations, on the basis of the protein, 

 fat, and carbohydrate content is described, and a method suggested, 

 regarded as ample for practical requirements, which takes into account 

 only protein and nitrogenous constituents. In addition, a table is 

 given which shows the relative amounts of a number of feeds, arranged 

 in pail's, which may be used to approximate the nutritive ratios called 

 for by the connnonly accepted feeding standards. Figures are given 

 for 14 different ratios. In the author's opinion "'the mixtures given 

 may. in man}' cases constitute a ration; in others u ratioii maybe com- 

 poiuided by using, in any proportion desired, an}' of the various mix- 

 tures having the same nutritive ratio." 



The New Jersey Stations'" has published considerable data regarding 

 the variations in price of connuercial feeding stuff's during recent 

 years. 



"Compilation <if Analyses of American Feeding Stuffs, K. II. .Tenkiny and A. L. 

 Wint4)n, U. S. Dept. Apr., Office of Experiment Stations Bui. 11, 1892. 

 '' Kansas Sta. Bui. 115. 

 'New Jersey Stas. Rpt. 1900, !>. 180. 



