The Fruit-tree Leaf-roller 289 



NOTES ON SOME CLOSELY ALLIED SPECIES 



There are two closely allied species of moths that live on fruit trees 

 and at times cause considerable injury. These were quite abundant during 

 the past season, and we had opportunity to obtain some new facts regard- 

 ing their life history and to make some new pictures of egg masses, adults, 

 etc. 



THE oblique-banded LEAF-ROLLER 



{Ar chips rosace ana) 



This species in particular has been abundant, and the larvae are so much 

 like those of argyrospila that one is easily mistaken for the other (Fig. 74). 

 Moreover, it has the same habits of rolling the leaves of the apple and of 

 eating into the sides of the young apples. It was present during the past 

 season in many orchards in New York and was responsible for considerable 

 injury. D'j.ring the season of 1896 Doctor Lintner recorded this species 

 as " quite abundant and destructive in apple orchards." It was sent to 

 him from several places in eastern and central New York, with the report 

 that it was very injurious " not only to the foliage, but later in the season 

 to the young fruit, into which it ate rounded holes of considerable size, 

 often extending to beyond their center." Fletcher has recorded injury 

 to the foliage and the young fruit of pears in Ontario, and Piper writes 

 that prunes in Washington were injured by the larvffi. Lugger, of Minne- 

 sota, also reports that apples in that State were sometimes defoliated by 

 this leaf -roller. Evidently it is sometimes a serious pest to fruit trees. 



Observations on the life history. — The life history of this species has never 

 been fully worked out, for it is not known how the insect passes the winter. 

 It has been surmised that the winter was passed in the egg stage ; Sanderson 

 and Jackson, however, conjecture that the winter is passed in the larval 

 stage. They say, " From the fact that the larvae occur in the fall and 

 early spring and that many species of this family pass the winter as larvae, 

 it seems probable, though we have no definite observations on this point, 

 that the larvee hibernate over winter probably within folded leaves well 

 encased in their own silk, either attached to the trees or on the ground, 

 although they may hibernate under or attached to the bark." 



Our observations show that there are two broods of the moths during 

 a season and that the winter is passed in the egg stage, similar to argyrospila 

 and cerasivorana. The eggs hatch early in the spring and the larvae mature 

 and the moths appear in June. Our records show that the eggs from these 

 moths were hatching in our cages on June 28 and in the field on June 23 

 and 24. These larvae matured and the first moths of the second brood 



