6 Bulletin 304 



entirely taken away at the end of three weeks. Three quarts of skimmed 

 milk were fed daily, in addition to the meal mixture, until the calves were 

 four to five weeks old, when both calves were placed on a diet of the meal 

 mixture alone. One pound of this meal was stirred thoroughly into eight 

 pounds of very hot water; this gruel was then allowed to cool until milk- 

 warm, in which condition it was fed. The calves were taught to drink, 

 instead of being fed with a calf feeder as Hayward recommended. Enough 

 gruel to contain three-fourths pound of meal was fed at first, and the 

 amount gradually increased, until at the end of the experiment calf No. 

 I was getting three pounds per day and Calf No. 2, two pounds per day. 



Blatchford's Calf Meal is put out by the Harwell Mills, at Watikegan, 

 111., and is highly recommended by the manufacturers as a milk sub- 

 stitute. It is composed principally of linseed-meal, beans, carob-beans, 

 cottonseed-meal and fenugreek. It was bought by Lindsey at retail at 

 three and one-half cents per pound. 



This calf meal was tested by feeding it to one rugged grade of Holstein 

 calf. The calf was first fed whole milk for a few days, changed then to a 

 mixture of whole and skimmed milk, and at the end of two or three weeks 

 the calf meal was gradually substituted. The calf at first objected to 

 the odor or taste of the meal, and never seemed thoroughly to relish 

 it, although no serious difficulty was experienced in inducing the calf to 

 take the gruel. One pound of the calf meal was stirred into six pounds 

 of hot water, the gruel was allowed to cool and the mixture was fed milk- 

 warm. When the calf was a little more than three months old, he was 

 receiving two and three-fourths pounds of the meal daily, and continued 

 to take this amount until the experiment ended when he was approximately 

 four and one-half months old. 



The animal grew well and suffered no serious digestive troubles. He 

 made an average daily gain of 1.15 pounds during the last 42 days of the 

 trial, and when four and one-half months old weighed 251 pounds. 



Lindsey did not care to draw any definite conclusions from a single 

 trial with one calf, but thought Blatchford's meal hardly as satisfactory 

 as Hayward's mixture. He thought it hardly possible to raise delicate 

 calves on the meal entirely. 



Ontario experiments. — H. H. Dean* found that cocoa shell milk, made 

 by boiling one-fourth pound of cocoa shells (not cocoanut shells) in two 

 gallons of water, when fed one and one-half to two gallons per day with 

 bran and oats, green feed, etc., appeared to be a very good substitute 

 for skimmed milk and he thought it worthy of a trial by farmers who wish 

 to raise calves and have little or no skimmed milk to feed. Cocoa shells 



^(* Annual Report of Department of Agriculture of Ontario, 1903. Vol. i. 



