Fungous Flora of the Soil 419 



by Koning, while the classification of the species was made by Oudemans. 

 Forty-five species were isolated and classified, and illustrations were made 

 of practically all. All isolations were made from humous soil. 



After considerable experimentation Koning found the following to be 

 the best nutrient medium for use in culture work: wort 50 cc, water 

 50 cc, saccharose 2 per cent, gelatin 10 per cent or agar 1.5 per cent, 

 always allowing the reaction of the medium to remain as it happened in 

 preparation. However, this was always acid. 



To begin his cultures, Koning introduced into a platinum capsule, heated 

 to redness for sterilization and then allowed to cool, a fragment of humus, 

 by preference the remains of a leaf of about i sq. cm. This humus was 

 taken near the surface. He now poured about i cc. of sterilized water 

 into the capsule, and by means of a glass rod (sterilized by flaming) trit- 

 urated the fragment of humus. The bouillon thus obtained was intro- 

 duced, with the aid of a platinum loop made to hold nearly 50 mg. of 

 liquid, into a test tube containing 10 cc. of water. This dilution was the 

 most advantageous, as taught by his experience. The contents of the 

 test tube were now poured on the surface of plates poured with the nutrient 

 medium given above. After clarification of the liquid — that is, after 

 deposition of the spores, and so forth — the plates were inclined in order 

 to allow the liquid to flow out. After a period of two days at 24° C, the 

 colonies of molds were seen to develop. From these Koning obtained his 

 pure cultures. 



The following species were isolated: Mortierella humicola Oud., M. 

 isabellina Oud., M. pusilla Oud., M. suhtilissima Oud., Mucor geophilus 

 Oud., Absidia coerttlea Bainier (Mticor Saccardoi Oud.), M. racemosus 

 Fres., Pilaira anomala (Ces.) Schrot., Chaetomella horrida Oud., C. tortilis 

 Delacroix, Sphaeronema Fagi Oud., Acrostalagmus ci n nabarinus Cda. var. 

 nana Oud., Amblyosporium echinulatum Oud., Arthrobotrys superba Cda. f. 

 oligospora Coemans, Aspergillus calyptratus Oud., Aspergillus Koningi 

 Oud., Botrytis vulgaris Fr., Cephalosporium acremonium Cda'., C. humicola 

 Oud., C. Koningi Oud., Monilia acremonitim Delacroix, M. geophila Oud., 

 M. humicola Oud., M. Koningi Oud., Monosporium silvaticum Oud., 

 Naematogonium humicola Oud., Penicillium desciscens Ond., P. geophilum 

 Oud., P. glaucum Link, P. humicola Oud., P. silvaticum Oud., Spicaria 

 decumbens Oud., 5. elegans (Cda.) Harz, 5. silvatica Oud., 5. simplicissima 

 Oud., Trichoderma Koningi Oud., Alternaria humicola Oud., Bispora 

 pusilla Sacc, Hormodendruni pallidum Oud., Stemphylium botryosum 

 Wallr., Torula lucifuga Oud., Ciliciopodium Magnusii Oud., Graphium 

 Klebahni Oud., Stysanus stemonites (Pers.) Corda, Stysanus diformis 

 Oud., Tilachlidium humicola Oud. 



